一种处理高硬度水的双层颗粒式药剂研发与效果分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0358

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以Na₂CO₃、NaOH、改性聚乙烯醇（PVA1788）、PAC、Na₂SiO₃为原材料，研发一种水溶性双层颗粒式水处理药剂，用于处理高硬度水。其中的改性PVA1788是通过加成反应制备的，以增强其水溶性，并利用扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪等对改性PVA1788进行微观分析。最后对药剂去除效果进行检验，并考察储存时间、反应水温、pH、反应时间对药剂的影响。研究结果表明，Na₂CO₃、NaOH可有效去除水中硬度，改性PVA1788具有水溶性有利于提高药剂的溶解性能；双层颗粒式药剂受环境因素影响较小，使用条件宽泛，储存5～30天后使用仍然有效，硬度去除率可稳定达到92%～94%。研发的双层颗粒式药剂内外层组分可分步释放，改变了水处理工艺中药剂需分步投加的传统方式，缩短了水处理工艺流程。

关键词: 高硬度水, 水处理药剂, 聚乙烯醇, 水溶性材料, 水处理工艺

Abstract:

Using Na₂CO₃, NaOH, modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA1788), PAC, and Na₂SiO₃ as raw materials, a water-soluble double-layer granular water treatment agent was developed for treating high hardness water. The modified PVA1788 was prepared through an addition reaction to enhance its water solubility. Microscopic analysis of the modified PVA1788 was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, and Fourier infrared spectrometry. Subsequently, the removal efficiency of the reagent was assessed, and the impacts of storage time, reaction water temperature, pH, and reaction time on the reagent were explored. The outcomes demonstrated that Na₂CO₃ and NaOH effectively eliminated water hardness, while the modified PVA1788 exhibited improved water solubility, enhancing the reagent’s overall solubility. The double-layer granular agent was resilient to environmental variations, exhibiting versatility in usage. Even after storage for 5—30 days post-use, it remained effective, maintaining a stable hardness removal efficiency of 92%—94%. The two-layer granular reagent released its inner and outer layer components sequentially, revolutionizing the conventional step-by-step addition method in water treatment processes and streamlining the treatment procedure.

Key words: high hardness water, water treatment agent, polyvinyl alcohol, water-soluble materials, water treatment technology

中图分类号:

胡家玮, 刘岩, 王聪, 刘美婧. 一种处理高硬度水的双层颗粒式药剂研发与效果分析[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(3): 1695-1705.

HU Jiawei, LIU Yan, WANG Cong, LIU Meijing. Development and effect analysis of a double-layer granular reagent for treating high hardness water[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(3): 1695-1705.

图/表 25

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实验药剂	药剂纯度	生产厂家
氯化钙（CaCl₂）	AR，96.0%	天津市百世化工有限公司
硅酸钠（Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O）	—
聚合氯化铝（PAC）	AR，≥27.0%
氢氧化钠（NaOH）	AR，≥96.0%
碳酸钠（Na₂CO₃）	AR，99.8%	烟台市双双化工有限公司
氯化镁（MgCl₂）	AR，98.0%	天津市凯信化学工业有限公司
丙烯酰胺（C₃H₅NO）	AR，98.0%	天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司
聚乙烯醇（PVA1788）	—	上海臣启化工科技有限公司
乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA）标准滴定溶液	—	广州和为医药科技有限公司
铬黑T（C₂₀H₁₂N₃NaO₇S）指示剂	0.2%	上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司
氨-氯化铵缓冲液（pH≈10）	—	天津市恒兴化学试剂制造有限公司

实验药剂	药剂纯度	生产厂家
氯化钙（CaCl₂）	AR，96.0%	天津市百世化工有限公司
硅酸钠（Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O）	—
聚合氯化铝（PAC）	AR，≥27.0%
氢氧化钠（NaOH）	AR，≥96.0%
碳酸钠（Na₂CO₃）	AR，99.8%	烟台市双双化工有限公司
氯化镁（MgCl₂）	AR，98.0%	天津市凯信化学工业有限公司
丙烯酰胺（C₃H₅NO）	AR，98.0%	天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司
聚乙烯醇（PVA1788）	—	上海臣启化工科技有限公司
乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA）标准滴定溶液	—	广州和为医药科技有限公司
铬黑T（C₂₀H₁₂N₃NaO₇S）指示剂	0.2%	上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司
氨-氯化铵缓冲液（pH≈10）	—	天津市恒兴化学试剂制造有限公司

实验仪器	仪器型号	生产厂家
电子分析天平	BCE224I-1CCN	赛多利斯科学仪器（北京）有限公司
超纯水仪	WP-UP-WF-20S	四川沃特尔水处理设备有限公司
万能高速粉碎机	DE-100g	方科仪器（常州）有限公司
便携式pH计	PHBJ-260	上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司
多参数分析仪（电导电极、温度电极）	DZS-708L
便携式浊度计	WZB-175
造粒工具/3mm	002	瑞安市源旭机械加工厂
电热鼓风干燥箱	101-00B	绍兴市沪越仪器设备有限公司
85-2数显控温磁力搅拌器	MS-H280-Pro-LED	金坛市大地自动化仪器厂
混凝试验搅拌机	ZR4-6	深圳市中润水工业技术发展有限公司
数显恒温水浴锅	HH-6	常州市金坛区西城新瑞仪器厂
SEM扫描电子显微镜	Apreo S	赛默飞
X射线光电子能谱仪XPS	ESCALAB QXi
傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FTIR	Nicolet iS50
X射线衍射仪	D/Max-2400	Rigaku公司

实验仪器	仪器型号	生产厂家
电子分析天平	BCE224I-1CCN	赛多利斯科学仪器（北京）有限公司
超纯水仪	WP-UP-WF-20S	四川沃特尔水处理设备有限公司
万能高速粉碎机	DE-100g	方科仪器（常州）有限公司
便携式pH计	PHBJ-260	上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司
多参数分析仪（电导电极、温度电极）	DZS-708L
便携式浊度计	WZB-175
造粒工具/3mm	002	瑞安市源旭机械加工厂
电热鼓风干燥箱	101-00B	绍兴市沪越仪器设备有限公司
85-2数显控温磁力搅拌器	MS-H280-Pro-LED	金坛市大地自动化仪器厂
混凝试验搅拌机	ZR4-6	深圳市中润水工业技术发展有限公司
数显恒温水浴锅	HH-6	常州市金坛区西城新瑞仪器厂
SEM扫描电子显微镜	Apreo S	赛默飞
X射线光电子能谱仪XPS	ESCALAB QXi
傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FTIR	Nicolet iS50
X射线衍射仪	D/Max-2400	Rigaku公司

PVA1788/g	AM/g	NaOH/g	H₂O/mL
9.0	9.0	2	80
10.8	7.2	2	80
12.0	6.0	2	80
12.85	5.14	2	80
13.5	4.5	2	80
14.0	4.0	2	80