水热技术用于农业废弃物处理的研究进展Ⅰ：生物原油制备

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0622

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业是我国国民经济的基础，而农业的高速发展必然伴随着大量农业废弃物的产生。考虑到农业废弃物在环境污染风险和生物质资源利用价值上的双重属性，利用适当的转化技术对农业废弃物进行处理，可显著提升其经济与环境效益。本文基于农业废弃物的分类组成及其潜在价值，介绍了热化学转化中的水热液化处理技术，并针对主产物（生物原油）产率与品质的影响因素及其分离技术展开深入探讨。分析发现，各影响因素协同效应显著，但相互作用机制尚未明晰；高新分离技术不断涌现，但仍存在局限，尚未实现大规模工业化应用。因此，未来可从反应机理理论体系完善、全产业链布局优化、新型催化剂研发以及各类转化技术耦合等角度出发，充分挖掘水热技术应用于农业废弃物资源化过程的潜力，以期最终实现农业废弃物的高效综合利用。

关键词: 农业废弃物, 水热液化, 生物原油, 高值化利用, 生物质

Abstract:

Agriculture is the foundation of China's national economy. In recent years, the rapid development of agriculture has inevitably led to the generation of large amounts of agricultural waste. Given that agricultural waste poses both environmental pollution risks and opportunities for biomass resource utilization, using appropriate conversion technologies to treat this waste can significantly enhance its economic and environmental benefits. Based on the classification, composition and potential value of agricultural waste, this paper introduces the hydrothermal liquefaction technology in thermochemical conversion, and conducts an in-depth discussion on the factors affecting the yield and quality of the main product (biocrude oil) and its separation technologies. It is found that while the synergistic effects of various influencing factors are significant, the interaction mechanisms remain unclear; high-tech separation technologies are continuously emerging, but there are still limitations, and large-scale industrial application has not yet been achieved. Therefore, future efforts should focus on improving the theoretical system of reaction mechanism, optimizing the entire industrial chain layout, developing new catalysts, and integrating various conversion technologies. So that we can fully tap into the potential of hydrothermal technology for the resource utilization of agricultural waste, with a view to ultimately realizing its efficient and comprehensive utilization.

Key words: agricultural waste, hydrothermal liquefaction, biocrude oil, high-value utilization, biomass

中图分类号:

周郭宁, 朱昊辰, 贺文智, 李光明. 水热技术用于农业废弃物处理的研究进展Ⅰ：生物原油制备[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(4): 2297-2312.

ZHOU Guoning, ZHU Haochen, HE Wenzhi, LI Guangming. Research progress on hydrothermal technology for agricultural waste treatment Ⅰ: Preparation of biocrude oil[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(4): 2297-2312.

图/表 10

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种类	纤维素/%	半纤维素/%	木质素/%
小麦秸秆^[8]	39.20	25.60	22.90
甘蔗渣^[9]	39.00	24.90	23.10
大麦秸秆^[10]	46.00	23.00	15.00
稻草秸秆^[11]	46.33	31.09	10.17
花生秸秆^[11]	36.56	20.27	18.36
玉米秸秆^[11]	30.81	25.52	16.76
大豆秸秆^[11]	42.39	22.05	18.93
橘子皮^[12]	12.00	14.50	2.20
香蕉皮^[12]	11.50	25.50	9.80

种类	纤维素/%	半纤维素/%	木质素/%
小麦秸秆^[8]	39.20	25.60	22.90
甘蔗渣^[9]	39.00	24.90	23.10
大麦秸秆^[10]	46.00	23.00	15.00
稻草秸秆^[11]	46.33	31.09	10.17
花生秸秆^[11]	36.56	20.27	18.36
玉米秸秆^[11]	30.81	25.52	16.76
大豆秸秆^[11]	42.39	22.05	18.93
橘子皮^[12]	12.00	14.50	2.20
香蕉皮^[12]	11.50	25.50	9.80

国家	生物质	年产量/t	产品
巴西	甘蔗	746828157	生物乙醇、生物柴油
印度尼西亚	甘蔗	21744000	生物气体（沼气）、生物炭、生物柴油
喀麦隆	玉米	332534	生物炭、合成气
柬埔寨	玉米	10647212	生物炭、生物油、合成气
越南	玉米	44046250	生物炭、生物油、生物气体（沼气）
马来西亚	油棕果	98419400	生物油、生物气体（沼气）、生物炭
泰国	油棕果	15400000	生物油、合成气
刚果（金）	原木	4612010	生物炭
尼日利亚	原木	10032000	生物气体（沼气）、生物炭
澳大利亚	原木	11618525	生物气体（沼气）、生物炭

国家	生物质	年产量/t	产品
巴西	甘蔗	746828157	生物乙醇、生物柴油
印度尼西亚	甘蔗	21744000	生物气体（沼气）、生物炭、生物柴油
喀麦隆	玉米	332534	生物炭、合成气
柬埔寨	玉米	10647212	生物炭、生物油、合成气
越南	玉米	44046250	生物炭、生物油、生物气体（沼气）
马来西亚	油棕果	98419400	生物油、生物气体（沼气）、生物炭
泰国	油棕果	15400000	生物油、合成气
刚果（金）	原木	4612010	生物炭
尼日利亚	原木	10032000	生物气体（沼气）、生物炭
澳大利亚	原木	11618525	生物气体（沼气）、生物炭

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