石墨烯/三聚氰胺海绵制备及其光热水蒸发性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1668

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石墨烯在太阳能界面蒸发领域显示出巨大的应用潜力，但其应用仍存在成本高、制备复杂等诸多限制。为了解决这一问题，将吸光性能优异的石墨烯（RGO）与强亲水性的三聚氰胺海绵（MS）结合，制备了石墨烯/三聚氰胺海绵（RGO/MS）双层复合材料，考察了石墨烯负载方法、MS高度、海绵孔隙率对水蒸发速率的影响。当采用滴铸法负载RGO、MS高度为12mm、孔隙率为99.8%时制备的RGO/MS复合材料光热水蒸发效果最佳。在1.0kW/m²条件下，RGO/MS复合材料的水蒸发速率可达2.441kg/(m²·h)。研究结果表明：RGO/MS复合材料具有稳定的机械性能，RGO分布均匀，在光热蒸发人工海水中表现出良好的连续使用性能。RGO/MS复合材料制备工艺简单，材料成本低，有望用于净化海水领域。

关键词: 石墨烯, 蒸发, 光热蒸发速率, 空隙率, 可持续性

Abstract:

Graphene has shown great potential in the field of solar-driven interfacial evaporation. However, many limits still exist for its application such as high cost and complex preparation methods. To address this issue, reduced graphene oxide/melamine sponge (RGO/MS) bilayer composite material was prepared by combining reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with strong hydrophilic melamine sponge (MS). The effects of RGO loading method, total MS height and sponge porosity on photothermal evaporation rate were explored. The optimum preparation conditions of RGO/MS were obtained, i.e., MS height being 12mm and the porosity being 99.8% by drip casting method. Under the illumination of light (1.0kW/m²), the evaporation rate can reach 2.441kg/(m²·h). The results showed that the prepared material exhibited stable mechanical properties. A uniform layer of RGO was successfully deposited on the surface of MS. Good continuous usage performance in artificial seawater was observed. The preparation process of RGO/MS composite materials was simply, reducing costs and effectively improving its evaporation performance, which was promising to be used in the field of seawater purification.

Key words: graphene, evaporation, photothermal evaporation rate, voidage, sustainability

中图分类号:

O647

申琦, 田晓雯, 张婉晴, 孙乐汀, 郝梦扬, 于洁, 段莹莹, 刘会娥, 陈爽, 郭启麟, 范明侃. 石墨烯/三聚氰胺海绵制备及其光热水蒸发性能[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(10): 5671-5678.

SHEN Qi, TIAN Xiaowen, ZHANG Wanqing, SUN Leting, HAO Mengyang, YU Jie, DUAN Yingying, LIU Hui’e, CHEN Shuang, GUO Qilin, FAN Mingkan. Preparation of graphene sponge materials and their photothermal evaporation performance[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(10): 5671-5678.

图/表 11

图1 实验模拟装置图

图2 不同负载方法下的复合材料（从左到右负载方法分别为滴铸、浸渍、涂抹、喷雾）

图3 1.0kW/m2的太阳光强度下不同负载方法下复合材料的光热水蒸发速率图

图4 1.0kW/m2的太阳光强度下不同材料高度的复合材料的光热水蒸发速率和水传输速率图

图5 1.0kW/m2的太阳光强度下不同海绵孔隙率的复合材料的光热水蒸发速率和水传输速率图

图6 GO、RGO/MS和MS的FTIR图

图7 GO和RGO/MS的XRD谱图

图8 连续蒸发100h前后材料中盐分分布微观示意图

图9 RGO/MS压缩50次前后照片

图10 RGO/MS连续蒸发100h后的速率变化曲线

图11 RGO/MS的蒸发前后表面形态变化

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