木头基纤维素/石墨烯分离膜制备及污染物分离性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0429

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用酸性亚氯酸钠和氢氧化钠溶液，脱除巴沙木中木质素和半纤维素，制得纤维素薄膜，研究该薄膜微观结构、元素分布与组成、浸润性等方面性能。结果表明，经化学法剥离后的纤维素吸附剂对染料亚甲基蓝的吸附容量可达120.0mg/g，与Langmuir和Temkin模型均能较好地符合。随着膜孔径的收缩和氧化石墨烯（GO）的负载，纤维素膜对抗生素的截留性能大大增强。在0.3MPa通液压力下，纤维素/GO膜的纯水通量提高至原通量的13.5倍[由56.5L/(m²·h)到764.1L/(m²·h)]；纤维素/GO膜对环丙沙星的截留率可达65.6%（纤维素膜对环丙沙星截留率为50.9%）。

关键词: 膜过滤, 氧化石墨烯, 纤维素膜, 吸附

Abstract:

The cellulose film was produced by using acidic sodium chlorite and sodium hydroxide solution to remove lignin and hemicellulose from balsa wood. The performance studies on microstructure, element distribution and composition, and wettability of this film were carried out, and the results showed that the adsorption capacity of the cellulose adsorbent after chemical stripping could reach 120.0mg/g for the dye methylene blue, which was in good agreement with both Langmuir and Temkin models. With the shrinkage of membrane pore size and the loading of graphene oxide (GO), the retention performance of the cellulose membrane for antibiotics was greatly enhanced. The pure water flux of the cellulose/GO membrane was increased to 13.5 times of the original flux [from 56.5L/(m²·h) to 764.1L/(m²·h)] at 0.3MPa flux pressure. The retention rate of ciprofloxacin by the cellulose/GO membrane was up to 65.6% (50.9% for ciprofloxacin by cellulose membrane). The related research work provided a new idea for the preparation and application of polysaccharide membranes.

Key words: membrane filtration, graphene oxide (GO), cellulose membrane, adsorption

中图分类号:

陈林林, 于飞, 马杰. 木头基纤维素/石墨烯分离膜制备及污染物分离性能[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(3): 1584-1592.

CHEN Linlin, YU Fei, Ma JIE. Preparation of wood-based cellulose/graphene separation membrane and pollutant separation performance[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(3): 1584-1592.

图/表 8

图1 木块脱木质素和半纤维素过程的光学图片

图2 脱木质素和半纤维后木块表面、截面、不同压力下纤维素膜以及不同压膜工艺GO/纤维素膜的SEM图

表1 巴沙木中主要的三种成分对应的红外光谱特征峰

纤维组分	波数/cm^-1	对应官能团/键
纤维素	3400	羟基上O—H伸缩振动
	2900	C—H伸缩振动
	1161	C—O—C伸缩振动
	1058	C—O伸缩振动
	898	β-1,4糖苷键
半纤维素	3400	羟基上O—H伸缩振动
	2900	C—H伸缩振动
	1733	C $̿$ O伸缩
	1250	C—O伸缩振动
木质素	3400	羟基上O—H伸缩振动
	2900	C—H伸缩振动
	1733	C $̿$ O伸缩
	1600	芳香骨架振动
	1514	芳环中C $̿$ C伸缩振动
	1462	—CH₃与—CH₂变形
	832	酚羟基

表1 巴沙木中主要的三种成分对应的红外光谱特征峰

纤维组分	波数/cm^-1	对应官能团/键
纤维素	3400	羟基上O—H伸缩振动
	2900	C—H伸缩振动
	1161	C—O—C伸缩振动
	1058	C—O伸缩振动
	898	β-1,4糖苷键
半纤维素	3400	羟基上O—H伸缩振动
	2900	C—H伸缩振动
	1733	C $̿$ O伸缩
	1250	C—O伸缩振动
木质素	3400	羟基上O—H伸缩振动
	2900	C—H伸缩振动
	1733	C $̿$ O伸缩
	1600	芳香骨架振动
	1514	芳环中C $̿$ C伸缩振动
	1462	—CH₃与—CH₂变形
	832	酚羟基

图3 纤维素材料的相关表征

图4 纤维素吸附剂对20~300mg/L亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附等温线数据及拟合

表2 不同等温线模型的拟合参数

模型	参数	数值
Langmuir	B	0.091
	q₀	142.4
	R²	0.974
Freundlich	K	30.1
	N	3.220
	R²	0.875
Temkin	A	1.072
	RT/b	27.6
	R²	0.971

图5 不同环境因素对纤维素吸附剂吸附亚甲基蓝容量的影响

图6 纤维素膜对抗生素的过滤性能

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