液态金属绕流管束流动传热进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1221

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于液态金属的螺旋管式换热器具有紧凑、换热能力强的特点，在热化学制氢、第四代核能、太阳能高温热发电、余热回收等能源化工系统极具价值，液态金属绕流管束流动传热问题越来越受到重视。然而，绕流管束湍流传热较复杂，实验和数值模拟难度较大，目前尚未有相关可靠文献综述，阻碍了该类换热器设计与技术进步。本文回顾了液态金属绕流管束相关研究，首先指出了液态金属流动传热特性与其他流体的异同，然后简述并比较了液态金属流动传热经验关系式，推荐了该类型换热器设计的流动传热经验公式，紧接着应用经验关系式分别对比了不同工质绕流管束、液态金属流经不同流道的流动传热性能。指出液态金属湍流传热具有一定强化潜力，且绕流管束带来形阻较大，建议采取减阻措施。本文为后续涉及液态金属绕流管束的换热器设计提供了参考。

关键词: 传热, 对流, 管束, 液态金属, 湍流

Abstract:

The helical coiled tube heat exchanger based on liquid metal has the characteristics of compactness and strong heat exchange capacity. It is valuable in energy and chemical systems such as thermochemical hydrogen production, fourth-generation nuclear energy, high-temperature solar thermal power generation, and waste heat recovery. The convective heat transfer issues of liquid metal flowing across tube bundles are getting more and more attention. However, turbulent heat transfer flowing across tube bundles is complicated, and the experimental and numerical simulation is chanllenging. At present, there is no reliable and relevant literature review, hindering the design and technical development of this type of heat exchanger. This paper reviewed convective heat transfer researches on liquid metal flowing across tube bundles. Firstly, it was pointed out the similarities and differences between liquid metal and other fluids in convective heat transfer characteristics. Then, it was summarized and compared flow and heat transfer empirical relations of liquid metal. It was recommended empirical formulas for the design of this type of heat exchanger. Subsequently, by applying the recommended empirical relations, the flow and heat transfer performance of different working fluid was compared with flowing across tube bundles, and the liquid metal flowing through different flow channels was also compared. The turbulent heat transfer of liquid metal has the potential to strengthen. The flow resistance caused by tube bundles is considerable, so it is recommended to take measures to reduce the resistance. This paper provided a reference for the subsequent design of heat exchangers involving liquid metal flowing across tube bundles.

Key words: heat transfer, convection, tube bundles, liquid metal, turbulent flow

中图分类号:

TK172

肖辉, 张显均, 兰治科, 王苏豪, 王盛. 液态金属绕流管束流动传热进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 10-20.

XIAO Hui, ZHANG Xianjun, LAN Zhike, WANG Suhao, WANG Sheng. Advances in flow and heat transfer research of liquid metal flowing across tube bundles[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 10-20.

图/表 9

图1 管束排布结构示意

图2 普朗特数对动量和热边界层的影响

图3 液态金属绕流圆管局部换热系数分布[24]

图4 流体绕流直管束阻力公式对比

图5 流体绕流螺旋管束阻力公式对比

图6 液态金属绕流管束换热公式对比

图7 不同流道条件下压降和换热系数对比

表1 典型工质在360℃的热物性

工质	ρ/kg·m^-3	μ/kg·m^-1·s^-1	λ/W·m^-1·K^-1	c_p /J·kg^-1·K^-1	Pr
高温熔盐	1687.8	2.17×10^-3	0.56	1551.9	6.01
22MPa高压水	568.1	6.53×10^-5	0.453	9448.7	1.36
液态金属LBE	10246.3	1.63×10^-3	12.60	143.7	0.019
7MPa氦气	5.249	3.356×10^-5	0.266	5189.1	0.655

图8 不同工质换热系数随压降增大的变化规律

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