新型含氟替代品1,1,2-三氟乙烯的合成工艺与催化剂研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1084

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

含氟烯烃（HFOs）具有ODP为零、GWP值极低的优点，其中1,1,2-三氟乙烯（TrFE）可作为新能源汽车热泵工质、含氟高聚材料的合成单体、高附加值卤代烯烃制备的关键原料，有望实现在新能源汽车空调系统、压电材料与电卡制冷材料、高端芯片蚀刻等领域的广泛应用。本文对TrFE合成工艺进行分类，并详述各路线的技术难点与解决策略；针对主要合成路线即1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷（HFC-134a）脱氟化氢、1,1,2-三氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷（CFC-113）催化加氢制备TrFE路线，对催化剂进行总结与归纳，讨论催化剂配方、制备方法、结构等因素对反应的影响。如何提高1,1,2-三氟乙烯选择性与催化剂稳定性是该研究的重点与难点，也是制约其产业化与商品化的决定因素。

关键词: 催化剂, 合成, 加氢, 稳定性, 烯烃, 氟

Abstract:

Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) have great potential in many applications due to their superior properties of zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low global warming potential (GWP). 1,1,2-Trifluoroethene (TrFE), a novel HFO compound, is considered as a promising candidate of a heat pump working fluid in the air-conditioning system for the new energy vehicles or being used to synthesize the fluoropolymers which are further used as piezoelectric and electrocaloric cooling materials and to synthesize the high value-added alkenyl halides for microchips. In this review, we categorized the existing approaches for TrFE synthesis. The technical challenges of each method were elaborated and the potential solutions were discussed. For the most commonly used methods that use 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113) as starting materials, the low selectivity to 1,1,2-trifluoroethene and the deactivation of the catalysts are the most critical challenges, which also limit the scaling-up and the commercialization of the technologies.

Key words: catalyst, synthesis, hydrogenation, stability, olefin, fluorine

中图分类号:

李玲, 马超峰, 卢春山, 于万金, 石能富, 金佳敏, 张建君, 刘武灿, 李小年. 新型含氟替代品1,1,2-三氟乙烯的合成工艺与催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 1822-1831.

LI Ling, MA Chaofeng, LU Chunshan, YU Wanjin, SHI Nengfu, JIN Jiamin, ZHANG Jianjun, LIU Wucan, LI Xiaonian. Progress on the synthesis of 1,1,2-trifluoroethene and the catalysts[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(4): 1822-1831.

图/表 11

图1 β-消除反应方程式

图2 HFC-134a脱除HF制备TrFE

图3 HCFC-133b/HCFC-133脱除HCl制备TrFE

图4 CFC-113加氢脱氯法联产CTFE与TrFE（一步法）

图5 CFC-113加氢脱氯法制备TrFE（两步法）

图6 CFC-123a液相锌粉脱氯法制备TrFE

图7 1,1,2-三溴三氟乙烷液相金属脱卤法制备TrFE

图8 1,1-二溴四氟乙烷液相锌粉脱溴法制备TrFE

图9 1,1,2-三氯乙烯经氟氯交换法制备TrFE

图10 CTFE催化加氢制备TrFE

图11 催化剂活性与金属氯化盐形成热之间的关系[26]（T50表示转化率达到50%对应的温度）

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