全球可再生能源电转甲烷的应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0915

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电转甲烷技术（PtM）是将可再生能源电力转变为氢气后，再与CO₂进行甲烷化制取可再生天然气的过程，是可再生能源制天然气、电网平衡、长时储能与脱碳技术相耦合的综合能源系统关键技术。本文综述了全球典型的电转甲烷储能示范项目及其进展，详细分析了所采用的CO₂甲烷化工艺技术，总结了不同类型的甲烷化反应器工艺的设计特点，包括项目规模、工艺路线、操作条件和反应性能等。最后对比分析了化学甲烷化和生物甲烷化两种技术路线的特点，包括反应器体积、杂质要求、动态响应等，以期为今后我国电转甲烷技术的开发和示范应用提供有价值的参考。

关键词: 可再生能源, 储能, CO₂甲烷化, 电转气, 氢能

Abstract:

Power-to-Methane (PtM) technology refers to process of converting renewable power into a synthetic natural gas by combining water electrolysis to green hydrogen with CO₂ methanation. PtM process is a crucial energy system technology that integrates renewable natural gas, grid balancing, long-term energy storage and decarbonization. In this paper, the progress of typical PtM demonstration projects worldwide is reviewed, and CO₂ methanation technologies are comprehensively analyzed, including the projects and progress, technology route, operation conditions and reaction characteristics. Finally, the characteristics of chemical and biological methanation routes are compared, including reactor volume, contaminants resistance, dynamic response, etc., which would provide valuable references for the development and demonstration of PtM technology in China.

Key words: renewable energy, energy storage, CO₂methanation, power-to-gas, hydrogen

中图分类号:

TQ032

张巍, 王锐, 缪平, 田戈. 全球可再生能源电转甲烷的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1257-1269.

ZHANG Wei, WANG Rui, MIAO Ping, TIAN Ge. Application research progress of renewable power-to-methane[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(3): 1257-1269.

图/表 15

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类型	CO₂来源	排放气体CO₂体积分数/%
生物质转化	生物质发酵	15～50
	沼气提纯	≈100
	生物乙醇生产	≈100
发电厂	天然气电厂	3～5
	燃煤电厂	10～15
工业过程	水泥厂	14～33
	钢铁厂	20～30
	环氧乙烷	≈100
环境	环境空气	≈0.04
富碳天然气	南海地区富碳天然气开采	普遍为15%～80%

类型	CO₂来源	排放气体CO₂体积分数/%
生物质转化	生物质发酵	15～50
	沼气提纯	≈100
	生物乙醇生产	≈100
发电厂	天然气电厂	3～5
	燃煤电厂	10～15
工业过程	水泥厂	14～33
	钢铁厂	20～30
	环氧乙烷	≈100
环境	环境空气	≈0.04
富碳天然气	南海地区富碳天然气开采	普遍为15%～80%

通道数	总流量/m³·h^-1	SNG产量/m³·h^-1
400	2.6	0.5
4000	26	5
8000	52	10

通道数	总流量/m³·h^-1	SNG产量/m³·h^-1
400	2.6	0.5
4000	26	5
8000	52	10

项目名称	总进料量 /m³·h^-1	反应器体积 /m³
Store & Go Falkenhagen化学甲烷化^[45]	262.5	0.525
P2G-BioCat生物甲烷化^[69]	250	5
Store & Go Solothurn生物甲烷化^[45]	150	5
ZSW 250kW β工厂化学甲烷化^[22]	68.75	0.05（催化剂体积）
BioPower2Gas 生物甲烷化^[76]	75	5