弹载相变热沉传热仿真与优化

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0978

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着导引头向小型化、轻量化、智能化和多模复合方向发展，导引头电子器件面临短时高功耗散热需求。相变热沉储热装置具有储能密度高、重量轻、被动不耗能等优点，但其相变材料传热效率低、熔化过程复杂，增加了散热设计难度。本文建立了弹载发热元器件散热计算模型和相变传热数学模型，基于Fluent软件开展了相变传热数值模拟和传热特性研究，通过采用均热板导热和增设强化导热筋的方式进行了相变传热优化设计。结果表明，采用均热板和增设强化导热筋能有效降低计算模型最高温度和高低温差，延长器件工作时长。导热板采用均热板代替铝合金时，计算模型高低温差可由98.8K降至50.3K，热沉内部增设3个强化导热筋，可进一步降低温差至17.9K，继续增加强化导热筋对传热效果影响将越加不明显。

关键词: 相变热沉, 散热设计, 数值模拟, 传热特性, 优化设计

Abstract:

With the development of the seeker towards miniaturization, lightweight, intelligence and multi-mode composite, the electronic devices of the seeker are facing the demand of short-term high-power heat dissipation. The heat storage device of phase change heat sink has the advantages of high energy storage density, light weight and passive no energy consumption, but its phase change material has low heat transfer efficiency and complex melting process, which increases the difficulty of heat dissipation design. The heat dissipation calculation model and phase change heat transfer mathematical model of missile borne heating components were established. The numerical simulation and heat transfer characteristics of phase change heat transfer were studied based on Fluent software. The optimization design of phase change heat transfer was carried out by using vapor chamber and adding reinforced heat conducting rib. The results showed that the maximum temperature and high-low temperature difference of the calculation model can be effectively reduced and the working time of the electronic devices can be prolonged by using vapor chamber and adding reinforced heat conducting rib. When the heat transfer plate adopted vapor chamber instead of aluminum alloy, the high-low temperature difference of the calculation model can be reduced from 98.8K to 50.3K. Three reinforced heat conducting ribs were added inside the heat sink, which can further reduce the temperature difference to 17.9K. The continued increase of reinforced heat conducting ribs would have less obvious impact on the heat transfer effect.

Key words: phase change heat sink, heat dissipation design, numerical simulation, heat transfer characteristics, optimal design

中图分类号:

TN219

邹银才, 李清国, 吴辉, 钟小兵, 陈咸志. 弹载相变热沉传热仿真与优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1248-1256.

ZOU Yincai, LI Qingguo, WU Hui, ZHONG Xiaobing, CHEN Xianzhi. Heat transfer simulation and optimization of missile borne phase change heat sink[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(3): 1248-1256.

图/表 20

图1 基础计算模型

表1 石蜡和铝合金基本物性参数

参数	石蜡	铝合金
ρ/kg·m^-3	850	2719
c/J·kg^-1·K^-1	6600/2600（固/液）	871
q/J·kg^-1	210000	—

表2 不同热沉性能理论计算结果

h/mm	a/mm	(M₂/M₁)/%	Q₂/Q₁	(M_2-1/M₁)/%	Q_2-1/Q₁
1	4.5	85.2	1.5	31.3	3.3
2	5.5	75.8	1.8	31.3	3.3
3	6.5	69.3	2.0	31.3	3.3
4	7.5	64.5	2.2	31.3	3.3

表3 计算过程重要参数

参数	数值	参数	数值
A_mush	10⁶	h_ref/J·kg^-1	210000
T_S/K	329.15	h/mm	3
T_L/K	331.15	a/mm	6.5
κ/W·m^-1·K^-1	0.25	b/mm	4.5
η/kg·m^-1·s^-1	0.004	q_V₁/ W·m^-3	25000000
α/K^-1	0.001	q_V₂/ W·m^-3	25000000

图2 网格无关性验证

图3 不同时间步长下液相分数差异变化

图4 全铝合金热沉120s时温度分布

图5 石蜡热沉120s时温度分布

图6 石蜡热沉与铝合金热沉温度变化对比

图7 石蜡9s时温度分布

图8 石蜡88s时液相率分布

图9 石蜡熔化过程液相分数变化

图10 均热板导热石蜡热沉120s时温度分布

图11 器件最大温度对比

图12 1个导热筋强化结构

图13 1个导热筋强化热沉120s时温度分布

图14 3个导热筋强化热沉120s时温度分布

图15 5个导热筋强化热沉120s时温度分布

图16 不同优化结构器件最大温度变化对比

表4 不同优化方案主要计算结果统计

优化设计方案	120s最高温/K	120s高低温差/K	达到结温时间/s
均热板导热板	410.6	50.3	100.8
1个导热筋	402.8	23.3	110.8
3个导热筋	401.2	17.9	112.7
5个导热筋	400.8	16.4	113.1

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