基于废弃PET的高值化功能性多孔碳材料及其应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0767

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）应用极为广泛。废弃PET在自然界中不易降解，环境污染问题日益严峻。传统的物理回收和化学回收存在产品性能不稳定、工艺复杂、设备要求高等问题。利用物理或化学的方法将废弃PET转化为性能优异、功能强大、应用面广的高附加值功能材料是解决废弃PET环境污染问题及使资源可持续发展的重要技术。本文系统地归纳了废弃PET制备高附加值功能性多孔碳材料的方法，包括直接碳化法、活化法和模板法，重点综述了基于废弃PET的多孔碳材料在环境修复、能量存储与转化、催化等领域的应用研究进展。针对目前基于废弃PET的多孔碳材料制备与应用研究中存在的问题，提出塑料废弃物的高效分类、低能耗、孔隙结构精确可控先进制备技术的研发，以及多孔碳材料构效关系机理的深入探究是实现废弃PET高值转化及工业化应用的重要研究方向。

关键词: 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯, 高值化, 多孔碳材料, 吸附, 废水, 温室气体, 储能, 催化

Abstract:

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are widely used. Waste PET is not easy to degrade in nature and waste PET environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious. There are some problems in the traditional physical recycling and chemical recycling process such as unstable product performance,complicated technological processes and high equipment requirements.The transformation of waste PET into value-added functional products with excellent performance, powerful functions and wide application scope through physical or chemical process is important technologies to solve the environmental pollution problem of waste PET and realize the sustainable development of resources. In this paper, the preparation methods of porous carbon materials based on waste PET including direct carbonization, activation and template method were systematically summarized. The progress in the applications of these porous carbon materials in the fields of environmental remediation, energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and so on were especially reviewed. In view of the existing problems in studying on preparation and applications of porous carbon materials based on waste PET, important research directions to realize value-added conversion of waste PET and industrial application were proposed, including the technical research of high efficiency classification of plastic wastes and advanced preparation technology with low energy consumption and precise controllability of pore structure, and further study of structure-performance relationship mechanism.

Key words: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high value-added, porous carbon materials, adsorption, waste water, greenhouse gas, energy storage, catalysis

中图分类号:

TQ319

刘丹, 范云洁, 王慧敏, 严政, 李鹏飞, 李家成, 曹雪波. 基于废弃PET的高值化功能性多孔碳材料及其应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 969-984.

LIU Dan, FAN Yunjie, WANG Huimin, YAN Zheng, LI Pengfei, LI Jiacheng, CAO Xuebo. High value-added functional porous carbon materials from waste PET and their applications[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 969-984.

图/表 8

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多孔碳制备方法	污染物种类	污染物成分	最大吸附容量/mg·g^-1	参考文献
空气活化	染料	甲基橙	59.5	[10]
K₂CO₃活化		甲基蓝	625	[43]
K₂CO₃活化		维多利亚蓝	323	[43]
KOH活化		甲基蓝	404.09	[44]
ZnCl₂活化	酚类化合物	苯酚	120	[45]
		邻氯苯酚	240
		对氯苯酚	230
CO₂活化		苯酚	291	[46]
KOH活化		硝基苯酚	659	[47]
CO₂活化	抗生素	头孢氨苄	266.6	[48]
CO₂活化	抗生素	布洛芬	71.42	[49]
H₂SO₄活化	重金属	Co²⁺、Ni²⁺、Mn²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺	0.2~4.0	[50]
直接碳化	重金属	Cr³⁺	100	[51]

多孔碳制备方法	污染物种类	污染物成分	最大吸附容量/mg·g^-1	参考文献
空气活化	染料	甲基橙	59.5	[10]
K₂CO₃活化		甲基蓝	625	[43]
K₂CO₃活化		维多利亚蓝	323	[43]
KOH活化		甲基蓝	404.09	[44]
ZnCl₂活化	酚类化合物	苯酚	120	[45]
		邻氯苯酚	240
		对氯苯酚	230
CO₂活化		苯酚	291	[46]
KOH活化		硝基苯酚	659	[47]
CO₂活化	抗生素	头孢氨苄	266.6	[48]
CO₂活化	抗生素	布洛芬	71.42	[49]
H₂SO₄活化	重金属	Co²⁺、Ni²⁺、Mn²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺	0.2~4.0	[50]
直接碳化	重金属	Cr³⁺	100	[51]

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