木质素基碳材料催化剂的制备及应用研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1256

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木质素具有三维网状苯环结构、来源丰富、含碳量高、官能团丰富可控等特点，是一种理想的碳材料前体。通过化学改性和微结构调控制备具有特殊功能的木质素基碳材料，其在能源催化转化、电化学储能和环境修复等领域应用广泛。本文介绍了木质素基碳材料催化剂的国内外最新研究进展，总结了木质素基碳材料催化剂的制备方法，重点综述了木质素基碳材料催化剂在氧化反应、氢解反应、酯化反应、水解反应、脱水反应、费托合成等热催化反应、电解水析氢和锌空气电池氧还原等电催化反应、有机污染物降解等光催化反应的研究进展，但如何构筑高效、稳定、廉价、可规模生产的木质素基碳材料催化剂仍然是一个具有挑战性的课题。文章总结：今后研究中应加强对木质素的基础化学结构和微结构调控、活性组分与木质素碳材料载体间的相互作用、木质素基碳材料催化剂在催化反应中的作用机理等的研究，更好地发挥其低成本、三维结构易成型和微结构可调控等优势，拓展木质素生物质资源的高值化利用领域。

关键词: 木质素, 碳材料, 催化剂, 电催化, 光催化

Abstract:

Lignin is an ideal precursor of carbon materials because of its three-dimensional network aromatic ring structure, abundant source, high carbon content, rich and controllable functional groups. Lignin-based carbon materials with special functions could be fabricated through chemical modification and microstructure regulation, which were widely used in the fields of energy catalytic conversion, electrochemical energy storage and environmental remediation. In this review, the latest research progress of lignin-based carbon material catalysts was presented, and the preparation methods of lignin-based carbon material catalysts were summarized. What's more, it focused on the fundamental research progress of lignin-based carbon material catalysts in the thermal catalytic reaction such as oxidation reaction, hydrogenolysis reaction, esterification reaction, hydrolysis reaction, dehydration reaction and Fischer- Tropsch synthesis, electrocatalysis such as hydrogen evolution reaction in water splitting and oxygen reduction reaction in Zn-air battery, as well as photocatalysis of organic pollutants degradation. However, it was still a challenging task to build the lignin-based carbon material catalyst with high activity, high stability, low cost and large-scale production. In the future research, it was necessary to strengthen the research on the basic chemical structure and microstructure regulation of lignin, the interaction between active components and lignin carbon material support, and the enhancing mechanism of lignin-based carbon material catalyst in the catalytic reaction, so as to make use of its advantages of low cost, three-dimensional structure and adjustable microstructure characteristics, and to expand the fields of high-value utilization of lignin biomass resources.

Key words: lignin, carbon material, catalyst, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis

中图分类号:

O636.2

薛李静, 费星, 刘江淋, 吴林军, 仇中杰, 许权洲, 钟晓文, 林绪亮, 秦延林. 木质素基碳材料催化剂的制备及应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(5): 2441-2450.

XUE Lijing, FEI Xing, LIU Jianglin, WU Linjun, QIU Zhongjie, XU Quanzhou, ZHONG Xiaowen, LIN Xuliang, QIN Yanlin. Research progress on the preparation and application of lignin-based carbon catalysts[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(5): 2441-2450.

图/表 8

图1 木质素基碳材料催化剂的制备与应用

图2 Co-Mn/N@C催化剂将HMF氧化为2,5-呋喃二甲酸[19]

图3 木质素衍生的有序介孔炭催化剂将糠醛催化加氢转化为糠醇[27]

图4 木质素碳基固体酸催化剂用于油酸与甲醇的酯化反应[33]

图5 木质素衍生的磁性碳催化剂催化果糖脱水转化为HMF[42]

图6 用于费托合成的石墨炭包裹的Fe@C催化剂[48]

图7 氮掺杂山毛榉木质素合成介孔炭材料的途径及碱木质素硝化转化为胺化木质素[54]

图8 TiO2/木质素碳复合材料用于木质素光催化转化[63]

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