电催化还原二氧化碳制一氧化碳催化剂研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0804

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 1848-1857.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0804

电催化还原二氧化碳制一氧化碳催化剂研究进展

张少阳¹(), 商阳阳¹, 赵瑞花¹^,², 赵丹丹¹, 郭天宇³^,⁴, 杜建平¹^,⁴(), 李晋平¹^,⁴

^1.太原理工大学化学化工学院，山西太原 030024
^2.山西昆明烟草有限责任公司，山西太原 030024
^3.太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院，山西晋中 030600
^4.气体能源高效清洁利用山西省重点实验室，山西太原 030024

收稿日期:2021-04-16 修回日期:2021-06-27 出版日期:2022-04-23 发布日期:2022-04-25
通讯作者: 杜建平
作者简介:张少阳（1995—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为纳米催化材料制备及电化学性能。E-mail：651749607@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51572185);山西省重点研发国际合作项目(201903D421079)

Research progress on catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide

ZHANG Shaoyang¹(), SHANG Yangyang¹, ZHAO Ruihua¹^,², ZHAO Dandan¹, GUO Tianyu³^,⁴, DU Jianping¹^,⁴(), LI Jinping¹^,⁴

^1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
^2.Shanxi Kunming Tobacco Limited Liability Company, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
^3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China
^4.Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China

Received:2021-04-16 Revised:2021-06-27 Online:2022-04-23 Published:2022-04-25
Contact: DU Jianping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电催化还原CO₂作为缓解能源危机和全球变暖的有效途径已成为催化领域的研究热点。然而，不同反应途径的氧化还原电位较为接近，使产物的选择性成为电催化还原CO₂所需解决的主要问题。迄今为止，在水性电解质中可实现CO₂选择性地转化为一氧化碳（CO）和甲酸（HCOOH）。本文简述了电催化还原CO₂制CO的机理，包括CO₂吸附过程、二电子转移过程和CO脱附过程。从贵金属的晶面设计、形貌调控和表面功能化对反应活性和产物选择性的影响，铁卟啉、钴酞菁和镍三嗪在还原CO₂为CO反应中的电子转移途径，非金属碳基材料中杂原子和碳基质间的耦合效应等方面，重点介绍了近年来贵金属催化剂、过渡金属络合物催化剂和非金属碳基材料催化剂的研究进展，总结了各类催化剂的优缺点。指出在三类电催化还原CO₂制CO的催化剂中，非金属碳材料具有较高的CO法拉第效率，尤其是非金属碳材料成本较低、制备简单、结构易调控，在电催化还原中具有潜在的应用优势，是有望实现商业化应用的新型催化剂的候选材料之一。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 电化学, 还原, 一氧化碳, 催化剂

Abstract:

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to alleviate the energy crisis and global warming has become a research hotspot in catalysis. However, due to the close oxidation-reduction potentials of different reaction pathways, the product selectivity of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ is not high and should be improved. So far, carbon monoxide (CO) and formic acid (HCOOH) can be obtained with high-selectivity in aqueous electrolytes. The mechanism of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to CO is described in a three-step process of CO₂ adsorption, two-electron transfer and CO desorption. The recent research progress of noble metal catalysts, transition metal complex catalysts and non-metallic carbon-based materials is introduced, including:①the influence of crystal face design, morphology control and surface functionalization of noble metals on the reaction activity and product selectivity; ②the electron transfer paths of iron porphyrin, cobalt phthalocyanine and nickel triazine in the reduction of CO₂ to CO; ③the coupling effect between heteroatoms and carbon matrix in non-metallic carbon-based materials. The advantages and disadvantages of various catalysts are briefly summarized. Among the three kinds of catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to CO, the non-metallic carbon materials have high CO Faraday efficiency, and they have potential application advantages in the electrocatalytic reduction because of their low cost, simple preparation and controllable structure. Carbon materials will be one of the candidate materials of novel catalysts which could realize commercial application.

Key words: carbon dioxide, electrochemistry, reduction, carbon monoxide, catalyst

中图分类号:

O643.36

张少阳, 商阳阳, 赵瑞花, 赵丹丹, 郭天宇, 杜建平, 李晋平. 电催化还原二氧化碳制一氧化碳催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(4): 1848-1857.

ZHANG Shaoyang, SHANG Yangyang, ZHAO Ruihua, ZHAO Dandan, GUO Tianyu, DU Jianping, LI Jinping. Research progress on catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(4): 1848-1857.

图/表 6

图1 电催化还原CO2制CO催化剂及其改性策略

图2 电催化还原CO2的产物和生成CO所需的电位区间

图3 电催化还原CO2的双贵金属催化剂和反应机理

图4 铁卟啉/碳纳米管电催化剂结构[51]

图5 钴卟啉/碳催化剂结构及活性中心[45]

图6 镍原子与共价三嗪骨架（CTF）结合的催化剂结构[64]

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电催化还原二氧化碳制一氧化碳催化剂研究进展

Research progress on catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide

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