碳中和背景下国内外废塑料裂解法回收进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0815

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人类生产生活对塑料制品日益增长的需求使得塑料废弃物迅速增加，由此引起的环境问题和社会问题亟待解决。本文综述了碳中和背景下国内外废塑料裂解法回收进展，从废塑料裂解催化剂、废塑料裂解反应器、废塑料与其他固废共裂解三个方面对废塑料裂解技术进展进行总结，归纳了国内外塑料回收企业和石油石化企业在废塑料裂解回收方面的进展，分为裂解法制油和裂解法制化学品两个方面。阐明了废塑料回收在节约能源、碳减排和经济性方面的意义，指出国内废塑料裂解法回收存在法规缺失、废塑料分类不清晰、产业链条不完善、相关学术研究不深入等问题，提出国内石油石化企业应从全生命周期角度出发对废塑料进行裂解法回收处理，结合上下游产业链，分阶段实施废塑料裂解产油品路线和产化学品路线。

关键词: 废塑料, 回收, 碳中和, 裂解, 催化剂, 反应器

Abstract:

The growing demand towards plastic products for human production and life contributes to a huge increase in plastic waste. The consequent environmental crisis and social problems have become a serious issue that urgently need to be addressed. This paper reviews the development of plastic waste recycling by pyrolysis at home and abroad under the background of carbon neutrality. The technology advancement of plastic waste pyrolysis is summarized including catalyst, reactor and co-pyrolysis with other waste solid. The progress of plastic recycling companies and oil companies is concluded, including production of fuel oil and production of chemicals. The significance of resource-saving effect, carbon emission reduction and economic benefits of plastic waste recycling is elucidated. It is pointed out that there still exist some problems in domestic plastic waste recycling by pyrolysis such as lack of regulations, unclear classification of waste plastics, imperfect industrial chain and lack of in-depth academic research. It is advised that domestic oil companies should recycle waste plastics from the perspective of the whole life cycle. Combined with the upstream and downstream industrial chain, the oil production route and chemical production route of waste plastic pyrolysis should be implemented in stages.

Key words: plastic waste, recycling, carbon neutrality, pyrolysis, catalyst, reactor

中图分类号:

TQ32

王月, 赵秦峰, 张占全, 雷俊伟, 侯远东. 碳中和背景下国内外废塑料裂解法回收进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(3): 1470-1478.

WANG Yue, ZHAO Qinfeng, ZHANG Zhanquan, LEI Junwei, HOU Yuandong. Plastic waste recycling by pyrolysis at home and abroad under the background of carbon neutrality[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(3): 1470-1478.

图/表 6

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年份	产量/×10⁶t
1950	1.5
1980	60
1990	105
2000	187
2010	265
2017	348
2018	359
2019	400

年份	产量/×10⁶t
1950	1.5
1980	60
1990	105
2000	187
2010	265
2017	348
2018	359
2019	400

国家或地区	产量占比/%
北美	18
拉丁美洲	4
欧洲	17
中东、非洲	7
中亚	3
中国	30
日本	4
其他	17

国家或地区	产量占比/%
北美	18
拉丁美洲	4
欧洲	17
中东、非洲	7
中亚	3
中国	30
日本	4
其他	17

原料	反应工艺	催化剂	反应温度/℃	反应器	产物分布	参考文献
废塑料袋（PE）	热裂解-催化改质	三氯化铁-钠基膨润土	500	高压裂解釜-填料式催化反应器	80%产油率	［15］
PS、PP、LDPE、HDPE	热裂解-催化改质	膨润土	500	反应釜-固定床	88%产油率	［16］
LDPE	催化裂解	水泥砂浆	410	管式固定床	86.7%液收	［17］
LDPE、PS	热裂解	DeLaZSM-5	430	反应釜	82.2%液收	［18］
PE	催化氢解	钌/碳	200	反应釜	45%液态烷烃收率	［14］