分子筛限域Pt基丙烷脱氢催化剂的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1209

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分子筛限域催化剂因其高选择性催化、高金属分散度以及高抗烧结性能，近年来成为丙烷脱氢制丙烯领域的研究热点。本文从贵金属Pt基活性中心出发，分别从原位合成和后处理合成角度系统阐述了Pt基分子筛限域催化剂的研究进展，详细探讨了各催化体系中封装金属纳米尺寸效应、助剂调控及其与分子筛骨架间相互作用的催化机制。分析了目前两大类合成策略存在封装效率低、封装机制不明晰、方法不环保，以及金属活性组分容易团聚、再生稳定性差等问题，分别从发展先进的原位表征技术以探究封装机制和确定活性位精细结构，开发绿色高效的合成策略以加强金属与载体相互作用，发展温和的催化剂再生条件等方面提出解决思路，为高稳定性Pt-M@zeolites催化剂的精准设计和可控合成提供指导。

关键词: 丙烷脱氢, 分子筛限域, 贵金属, 铂

Abstract:

Zeolites confined catalysts have become a research hotspot in propane dehydrogenation to propene in recent years due to their high selectivity, high metal dispersion, and high sintering resistance. In this paper, the advances on the synthesis strategies of Pt-M@zeolites catalysts are systematically reviewed from the perspectives of in situ synthesis and post-synthesis. The nano-sized effect of confined metal, additives modulation and the catalytic mechanism between the metal clusters interaction and the zeolite framework in each catalyst are explored in detail. In addition, the problems of this two types of synthesis strategies, such as low encapsulation efficiency, unclear encapsulation mechanism, environmental unfriendly synthesis, agglomeration of active sites and poor stability after regeneration, are analyzed. Finally, the solutions for accurate design and controllable synthesis of high-stable Pt-M@zeolites catalysts are proposed from the aspects of developing advanced in situ characterization techniques to explore the packaging mechanism and determine the fine structure of the active site, developing green and efficient synthesis strategies to enhance the interactions between metals and zeolites, as well as developing mild catalyst regeneration conditions, respectively.

Key words: propane dehydrogenation, zeolite confinement, noble metal, platinum

中图分类号:

TQ426.6

徐聪, 冯英杰, 刘东兵, 谢在库. 分子筛限域Pt基丙烷脱氢催化剂的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(9): 4954-4967.

XU Cong, FENG Yingjie, LIU Dongbing, XIE Zaiku. Review of zeolite confined Pt-based catalysts for propane dehydrogenation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(9): 4954-4967.

图/表 9

图1 Pt-M@zeolites催化剂中活性金属Pt的三种微观结构

图2 原位水热合成的PtSn@MFI催化剂[20]

图3 K-PtSn@MFI催化剂在氢气中的结构演变示意图[21]

图 4 原位水热超快速合成Pt/Sn-ZSM-5催化剂[22]

图5 配体保护-氢气还原制备PtZn@S-1催化剂[23]

图6 分子筛晶间转移法合成Pt@MCM-22催化剂[28]

图7 浸渍法合成金属分子筛限域贵金属催化剂[12, 33]

图8 离子交换法制备封装型催化剂

图9 杂原子掺杂分子筛骨架锚定贵金属制备封装催化剂[11, 42]

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