基于热力学拓扑理论的三塔变压精馏分离四氢呋喃/甲醇/乙醇多目标优化设计

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-0567

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

四氢呋喃（THF）、甲醇（MeOH）和乙醇（EtOH）三元体系包含一条精馏边界与两个共沸点，导致采用常规精馏技术分离尤为困难。为了解决这一问题，本文探究了三元体系THF/MeOH/EtOH在不同压力下相图的变化趋势及共沸点的移动方向，基于精馏边界、剩余曲线等热力学拓扑理论分析变压精馏分离三元共沸混合物THF/MeOH/EtOH的可行性。进一步地，结合剩余曲线、组分平衡线和精馏边界等热力学拓扑理论对两种变压精馏分离序列进行工艺概念设计。最后，通过组件对象模型（COM）技术连接Aspen Plus和Matlab，采用多目标粒子群算法以经济和安全指标为目标函数对不同分离序列进行优化设计。结果表明：热力学拓扑理论分析可以快速实现变压精馏分离三元共沸混合物的概念设计；相比于EtOH-THF-MeOH分离序列，EtOH-MeOH-THF分离序列在经济和安全性能方面表现出了较强的优势。

关键词: 变压精馏, 优化设计, 三元共沸混合物, 优化, 安全, 分离

Abstract:

The ternary system of tetrahydrofuran (THF), methanol (MeOH), and ethanol (EtOH), characterized by one distillation boundary and two azeotropic points, presents significant challenges for conventional distillation separation. To overcome this limitation, the variation trend of the phase diagram and the movement direction of azeotropic point of the ternary system THF/MeOH/EtOH under different pressures were investigated. Based on thermodynamic topological theories such as distillation boundaries and residual curves, the feasibility of pressure-swing distillation separation of ternary azeotropic mixtures THF/MeOH/EtOH was analyzed. Furthermore, based on thermodynamic topological theories such as residual curves, component equilibrium lines, and distillation boundaries, process conceptual design was carried out for two pressure-swing distillation separation sequences. Through COM technology integration between Aspen Plus and Matlab, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm was implemented to optimize both sequences, with economic and safety metrics serving as objective functions. The results indicated that thermodynamic topological theory analysis could quickly realize the conceptual design of pressure-swing distillation separation of ternary azeotropic mixtures. Compared to the EtOH-THF-MeOH separation sequence, the EtOH-MeOH-THF separation sequence exhibited strong advantages in terms of economic and safety performance.

Key words: pressure-swing distillation, optimal design, ternary azeotropic mixture, optimization, safety, separation

中图分类号:

TQ223.2

杨傲, 邓苇, 黎勇, 罗婧, 王梓霖, 张俊, 申威峰. 基于热力学拓扑理论的三塔变压精馏分离四氢呋喃/甲醇/乙醇多目标优化设计[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(8): 4582-4593.

YANG Ao, DENG Wei, LI Yong, LUO Jing, WANG Zilin, ZHANG Jun, SHEN Weifeng. Multi-objective optimization design of triple-column pressure-swing distillation for separating ternary azeotropic mixture tetrahydrofuran/methanol/ethanol by thermodynamic topology theory[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(8): 4582-4593.

图/表 18

参考文献 27

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组分	ΔH_C/kcal·mol^-1	LFL₂₅/%·%^-1	UFL₂₅/%·%^-1
甲醇（MeOH）	-152.431	6.0	50.0
四氢呋喃（THF）	-555.317	2.0	11.8
乙醇（EtOH）	-294.975	3.1	27.7

组分	ΔH_C/kcal·mol^-1	LFL₂₅/%·%^-1	UFL₂₅/%·%^-1
甲醇（MeOH）	-152.431	6.0	50.0
四氢呋喃（THF）	-555.317	2.0	11.8
乙醇（EtOH）	-294.975	3.1	27.7

混合物	相对误差类型	NRTL相对误差/%	UNIQUAC相对误差/%
THF-MeOH	温度	0.14	0.17
THF-MeOH	气相摩尔分数	1.35	1.39
THF-EtOH	温度	0.17	0.17
THF-EtOH	气相摩尔分数	2.52	2.57
MeOH-EtOH	温度	0.19	0.19
MeOH-EtOH	气相摩尔分数	2.86	2.85

混合物	相对误差类型	NRTL相对误差/%	UNIQUAC相对误差/%
THF-MeOH	温度	0.14	0.17
THF-MeOH	气相摩尔分数	1.35	1.39
THF-EtOH	温度	0.17	0.17
THF-EtOH	气相摩尔分数	2.52	2.57
MeOH-EtOH	温度	0.19	0.19
MeOH-EtOH	气相摩尔分数	2.86	2.85

组分i	组分j	数据来源	温度单位	a_ij	a_ji	b_ij	b_ji	c_ij
THF	EtOH	APV121 VLE-IG	℉	2.3225	-2.777	-944.83548	1630.3302	0.3
MeOH	THF	APV121 VLE-IG	℉	0	0	113.58918	403.47126	0.3
MeOH	EtOH	APV121 VLE-IG	℉	4.7119	-2.3127	-2092.13082	870.91848	0.3