油脂加氢脱氧生产绿色柴油催化剂的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0884

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

与石化柴油相比，通过油脂加氢脱氧产生的绿色柴油在生物可降解性、环保性和低毒性方面具有多重优势。在绿色柴油的研究中，催化剂的研发至关重要。本文介绍了油脂加氢脱氧生产绿色柴油的反应机理、各类加氢脱氧催化剂以及催化剂失活与再生三个方面。贵金属催化剂储量稀少、价格昂贵，其工业化应用规模受到限制；而金属硫化物催化剂加氢后可能导致硫浸出，从而使催化剂失活并导致产品被污染；还原态非贵金属、金属碳化物、氮化物、磷化物催化剂由于成本效益高且无污染而受到广泛青睐，但制备工艺复杂，催化剂寿命低。因此，对非贵金属催化剂添加助剂进行改性以及使用不同载体，开发价廉、高效、环保的绿色催化剂是今后的发展方向。

关键词: 再生能源, 生物燃料, 催化剂, 失活, 加氢脱氧, 绿色柴油

Abstract:

Compared with petrochemical diesel, green diesel produced by oil hydrodeoxidation has advantages of biodegradability, environmental protection and low toxicity. In the research of green diesel, the development of catalyst is very important. In this paper, the mechanism of oil hydrodeoxidation to green diesel oil, various hydrodeoxidation catalysts, catalyst deactivation and regeneration are introduced. Noble metal reserves are scarce, so the price is high, which limits their industrial applications. The hydrogenation of metal sulfide catalyst may lead to sulfur leaching, which deactivates the catalyst and leads to product contamination. Reduced non-noble metal, metal carbide, nitride and phosphide catalysts are widely concerned because of their high cost-effectiveness and pollution-free, but the preparation process is complicated and the catalyst life is short. Therefore, the use of additive modification and different carriers for non-noble metal catalyst, and the development of cheap, efficient, environmentally friendly catalyst are the future development directions.

Key words: renewable energy, biofuel, catalyst, deactivation, hydrodeoxidation, green diesel

中图分类号:

李新月, 李振京, 韩沂杭, 郭永强, 闫瑜, 哈力米热·卡热木拉提, 赵会吉, 柴永明, 刘东, 殷长龙. 油脂加氢脱氧生产绿色柴油催化剂的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(S1): 351-364.

LI Xinyue, LI Zhenjing, HAN Yihang, GUO Yongqiang, YAN Yu, KAREMULATI Halimire, ZHAO Huiji, CHAI Yongming, LIU Dong, YIN Changlong. Research progress on catalysts for the production of green diesel by hydrodeoxidation of lipid[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(S1): 351-364.

图/表 5

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燃料特性	EN-1421	ASTM-D6751	石化柴油	生物柴油	绿色柴油
氧含量/%	—	—	0	11	0
密度/g·mL^-1	0.86~0.90	—	0.84	0.88	0.78~0.85
硫/μg·g^-1	10	15	<10	<1	<1
热值/MJ·kg^-1	—	—	43	38	44
十六烷值	51	47	40~55	45~72	70~90
黏度（40℃）	3.5~5.0	1.9~6.0	2.7	3.8~7.9	2.5~4.1
CFPP/℃	—	—	-6	-13~15	>20
云点/℃	—	—	-23~4	-6~+15	-30~-5
闪点/℃	20	130	2~136	96~214	68~120
倾点/℃	—	—	-21	-15~16	-3~29

燃料特性	EN-1421	ASTM-D6751	石化柴油	生物柴油	绿色柴油
氧含量/%	—	—	0	11	0
密度/g·mL^-1	0.86~0.90	—	0.84	0.88	0.78~0.85
硫/μg·g^-1	10	15	<10	<1	<1
热值/MJ·kg^-1	—	—	43	38	44
十六烷值	51	47	40~55	45~72	70~90
黏度（40℃）	3.5~5.0	1.9~6.0	2.7	3.8~7.9	2.5~4.1
CFPP/℃	—	—	-6	-13~15	>20
云点/℃	—	—	-23~4	-6~+15	-30~-5
闪点/℃	20	130	2~136	96~214	68~120
倾点/℃	—	—	-21	-15~16	-3~29

油/脂	分布/%
油/脂	C12∶0	C14∶0	C16∶0	C18∶0	C18∶1	C18∶2	其他
菜籽油	48	17	9	2	7	1	—
棕榈油	—	2	42	5	41	10	—
椰子油	—	1	4	1	60	20	11
向日葵	—	—	4	4	84	5	—
大豆油	—	—	8	4	28	53	6
猪油	—	1	31	13	46	6	—

油/脂	分布/%
油/脂	C12∶0	C14∶0	C16∶0	C18∶0	C18∶1	C18∶2	其他
菜籽油	48	17	9	2	7	1	—
棕榈油	—	2	42	5	41	10	—
椰子油	—	1	4	1	60	20	11
向日葵	—	—	4	4	84	5	—
大豆油	—	—	8	4	28	53	6
猪油	—	1	31	13	46	6	—

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