新戊二醇的合成工艺

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0635

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇（俗称新戊二醇）独特的结构赋予了其优异的化学性能，使其广泛应用于医药、纺织、涂料、石油等领域。本文简述了新戊二醇制备的方法，包括卤代醇工艺、甲醛歧化工艺和异丁醛缩合加氢工艺，并详细介绍了异丁醛缩合加氢工艺中中间体2,2-二甲基-3-羟基丙醛（俗称羟基新戊醛）和新戊二醇所需的催化剂和工艺系统。通过对比不同催化剂的性能以及催化加氢工艺，提出了新戊二醇合成工艺的发展方向：羟醛缩合反应需要碱性适中、具有相转移功能、可重复利用的固体碱性催化剂，而羟基新戊醛加氢合成新戊二醇则需要能够耐受杂质和水，同时对羟基特戊酸新戊二醇酯有加氢能力的固体催化剂；催化加氢工艺应设计强化装置以提高反应的传质传热速率，增加新戊二醇的总收率，并增设甲酸盐回收装置，以提高经济效益。

关键词: 新戊二醇, 羟基新戊醛, 异丁醛, 缩合, 加氢, 催化剂, 反应工程

Abstract:

2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-propylene glycol (neopentyl glycol) shows a unique structure and excellent chemical properties and is widely used in medicine, textiles, coatings, petroleum and other fields. In this paper, the methods for the preparation of neopentyl glycol were briefly described, including the halogenated alcohol process, the formaldehyde disproportionation and the condensation hydrogenation of iso-butyraldehyde, and the catalyst and process system for the synthesis of the intermediate hydroxy-pivalaldehyde and neopentyl glycol in the condensation hydrogenation of iso-butyraldehyde were described in detail. By comparison of the performance of different catalysts and the catalytic hydrogenation process, the development direction of the neopentyl glycol synthesis process was proposed. Firstly, a solid basic catalyst with appropriate alkalinity, phase transfer function and reusability was required in the aldol condensation. Secondly, the hydrogenation of hydroxy-pivalaldehyde to neopentyl glycol required a pollution-free solid catalyst that could tolerate impurities and water and showed the ability to hydrogenate 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropionate. Thirdly, the intensified device should be designed in the catalytic hydrogenation process to improve the mass and heat transfer rate of the reaction and the total yield of neopentyl glycol. Fourthly, a formate recovery device was installed to improve economic benefits.

Key words: neopentyl glycol, hydroxy-pivalaldehyde, iso-butyraldehyde, condensation, hydrogenation, catalyst, reaction engineering

中图分类号:

TQ423.93

高聪志, 张雅萱, 林璐, 邓晓婷, 殷霞, 丁一刚, 肖艳华, 杜治平. 新戊二醇的合成工艺[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(S1): 469-478.

GAO Congzhi, ZHANG Yaxuan, LIN Lu, DENG Xiaoting, YIN Xia, DING Yigang, XIAO Yanhua, DU Zhiping. Synthesis process of neopentyl glycol[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(S1): 469-478.

图/表 8

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反应工艺	反应器	工艺产率	优点	缺点
缩合工艺	射流式环流缩合反应器	甲醛的转化率达92%，异丁醛转化率为98%	传热传质效率高	能耗高，运行和维护成本大
缩合工艺	微通道反应器	羟基新戊醛收率为94%	传质传热效率高，控温精准	易堵塞，生产能力受限
加氢工艺	釜式反应器	新戊二醇的收率和选择性都为95%	设备简单方便，制造维护成本低，搅拌效率高	换热面积小，控温难，停留时间不一致
	固定床反应器	羟基新戊醛转化率95%以上，新戊二醇收率为96.5%	返混小，产物选择性大，催化剂机械损耗小，维护成本低	传热差，易飞温，催化剂更换困难
	列管式反应器	羟基新戊醛转化率为99%	高效的热交换能力，返混小	制造成本高，催化剂更换不便，不易清洗
	滴流床反应器	新戊二醇总收率为97%	转化率高，副反应少，传热效率高	易形成局部热点，加速催化剂失活

反应工艺	反应器	工艺产率	优点	缺点
缩合工艺	射流式环流缩合反应器	甲醛的转化率达92%，异丁醛转化率为98%	传热传质效率高	能耗高，运行和维护成本大
缩合工艺	微通道反应器	羟基新戊醛收率为94%	传质传热效率高，控温精准	易堵塞，生产能力受限
加氢工艺	釜式反应器	新戊二醇的收率和选择性都为95%	设备简单方便，制造维护成本低，搅拌效率高	换热面积小，控温难，停留时间不一致
	固定床反应器	羟基新戊醛转化率95%以上，新戊二醇收率为96.5%	返混小，产物选择性大，催化剂机械损耗小，维护成本低	传热差，易飞温，催化剂更换困难
	列管式反应器	羟基新戊醛转化率为99%	高效的热交换能力，返混小	制造成本高，催化剂更换不便，不易清洗
	滴流床反应器	新戊二醇总收率为97%	转化率高，副反应少，传热效率高	易形成局部热点，加速催化剂失活

分离方法	工作原理	优点	缺点
蒸馏法	板式精馏塔：由塔体和一定间距的若干塔板组成，气液逆流接触，轻组分升至高层塔板，重组分向下流动实现分离	传质效率高，有较高的生产能力	压降较大，增加成本，有雾沫夹带现象，影响板效率，易堵塞
蒸馏法	降膜蒸发器：顶部有液体分布器和垂直排列的加热管，料液沿管内壁形成薄膜流动，被壳程的加热介质蒸发	传热系数较高，停留时间较短，蒸发速度快，能耗低	制造精度要求高，结垢后维护成本高
结晶法	羟基新戊醛在水中溶解度小，新戊二醇在有机溶剂（苯、甲苯）中溶解度小	产品纯度高，操作简单，成本低	生产不连续，影响生产效率
萃取法	利用辛醇萃取羟基新戊醛，利用水逆流萃取新戊二醇	多级提取能提高分离效率，设备简单，成本低	操作时间长，影响生产效率

分离方法	工作原理	优点	缺点
蒸馏法	板式精馏塔：由塔体和一定间距的若干塔板组成，气液逆流接触，轻组分升至高层塔板，重组分向下流动实现分离	传质效率高，有较高的生产能力	压降较大，增加成本，有雾沫夹带现象，影响板效率，易堵塞
蒸馏法	降膜蒸发器：顶部有液体分布器和垂直排列的加热管，料液沿管内壁形成薄膜流动，被壳程的加热介质蒸发	传热系数较高，停留时间较短，蒸发速度快，能耗低	制造精度要求高，结垢后维护成本高
结晶法	羟基新戊醛在水中溶解度小，新戊二醇在有机溶剂（苯、甲苯）中溶解度小	产品纯度高，操作简单，成本低	生产不连续，影响生产效率
萃取法	利用辛醇萃取羟基新戊醛，利用水逆流萃取新戊二醇	多级提取能提高分离效率，设备简单，成本低	操作时间长，影响生产效率

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