水和CO2在真实粗糙岩样单裂隙内对流传热的仿真分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1659

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

向高温地质裂缝内注入冷流体进行流动取热是目前地热开发常用的一种方式。增强型地热系统中的流体多在粗糙不规律的岩石裂隙中流动换热。为研究流体的传热量，基于青海共和盆地恰卜恰干热岩储层，通过扫描获得真实的单裂隙三维形貌。采用有限元三维仿真模拟建立真实准确的单裂隙流动传热数值模型。对比分析了注入温度、注入流量、初始岩样温度、裂隙开度和注采压差对水和二氧化碳传热效果的影响。研究结果表明：流体与岩样之间的温差越大，换热效果越好，流体的出口温度越低；流体注入流量、裂隙开度及注采压差越大，换热效果越好，流体的出口温度越低；运行参数对换热效果的影响程度由高到低依次是注入流量、注采压差、注入温度。将注入流量从10mL/min提高至80mL/min，以水作为取热工质的取热量由109W提高至351.2W，注入流量每提高1mL/min传热系数提高140.61W/(m²·K)；以二氧化碳作为取热工质的取热量由36.9W提高至126.6W，注入流量每提高1mL/min传热系数提高19.84W/(m²·K)，具有较高比热容和热导率的水会携带更多的热量，换热效果更强。

关键词: 地热能, 单裂隙, 二氧化碳, 传热, 模型

Abstract:

In enhanced geothermal systems, fluids flow through rough rock fractures to obtain heat. A practical rock sample from Qiabuqia area in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai, China was used to obtain the real three-dimensional morphology in single fracture using high-precise scanning. This single fracture was used to propose a three-dimensional simulation model to numerically calculate convective heat transfer of water and CO₂. The effects of inlet fluid temperature, fluid flow rate, rock initial temperature, fracture openness and injection-production pressure difference on the heat extraction performance were analyzed. Increasing temperature difference between the fluid and the rock increased the heat transfer coefficient, and decreased the fluid outlet temperature. With increasing fluid injection flow, fracture openness and injection-production pressure difference, the heat transfer coefficient increases and the fluid outlet temperature decreased. The effective strength on heat transfer of fluid flow rate was the highest, followed by injection-production pressure difference and fluid inlet temperature. The fluid flow rate was increased from 10mL/min to 80mL/min, and the heat transfer quantity with water was increased from 109W to 351.2W, and the heat transfer coefficient was increased by 140.61W/(m²·K) for each increase of 1mL/min fluid flow rate.The heat transfer quantity with carbon dioxide was increased from 36.9W to 126.6W, and the heat transfer coefficient was increased by 19.84W/(m²·K) for each increase of 1mL/min fluid flow rate. H₂O with higher specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity carried out more heat than CO₂.

Key words: geothermal energy, single fracture, carbon dioxide, heat transfer, model

中图分类号:

TK529

王吉, 李普江, 张婷, 朱晨阳, 张宇宁. 水和CO₂在真实粗糙岩样单裂隙内对流传热的仿真分析[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(10): 5403-5414.

WANG Ji, LI Pujiang, ZHANG Ting, ZHU Chenyang, ZHANG Yuning. Simulation of CO₂ and water convective heat transfer in single fracture of practical rock sample[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(10): 5403-5414.

图/表 24

图1 CO2的物性图

图2 单裂隙物理模型的构建

表1 裂隙流动换热模型计算参数

参数	数值
岩石密度/kg·m^-3	2650
岩石比热容/J·kg^-1·k^-1	1000
岩石热导率/W·m^-1·k^-1	2.8
岩石渗透率/m²	1×10^-15
岩石孔隙度	0.01
岩石初始温度/℃	200
注入流速/ mL·min^-1	20

图3 x和y方向单裂隙流动传热二维模型

表2 模拟数据与文献实验数据的对比

开度 /μm	注入流速 /mm·s^-1	注入温度 /℃	出口温度/℃
开度 /μm	注入流速 /mm·s^-1	注入温度 /℃	实验数据	模拟数据	相对误差/%
19.17	10.63	42	87	89.88	3.31
	15.31	42	87	89.83	3.26
	20.52	41	87	89.76	3.17
	25.54	40	87	89.67	3.07
	30.08	39	87	89.57	2.95
	50.26	37	87	87.09	2.11
	76.46	34	87	87.10	0.11
24.66	21.06	41	88	89.63	1.85
	28.21	40	88	89.39	1.58
	35.20	38	88	89.04	1.18
	49.20	36	88	88.06	0.07

图4 不同注入温度下岩样和裂隙内的温度分布示意图

图5 注入温度对出口温度和换热量的影响

图6 不同注入温度下出口端面各点的温度分布

图7 初始岩样温度对出口温度和换热量的影响

图8 不同注入流量下岩样和裂隙内的温度分布示意图

图9 流体注入流量对出口温度和换热量的影响

图10 不同裂隙开度下岩样的温度及等温线分布示意图

图11 裂隙开度对流体出口温度和换热量的影响

图12 不同注采压差下岩样和裂隙内的温度分布示意图

图13 不同注采压差对出口温度和换热量的影响

图14 不同取热工质改变注入温度时传热性能变化规律对比

图15 不同取热工质改变注入流量时传热性能变化规律的对比

图16 提取的裂隙特征

图17 绝对粗糙度对出口温度的影响

图18 流体在光滑壁面与粗糙壁面的流速对比

图19 运行参数对H2O传热系数的影响

图20 运行参数对CO2传热系数的影响

图21 H2O的运行参数的敏感性分析

图22 CO2的运行参数的敏感性分析

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水和CO₂在真实粗糙岩样单裂隙内对流传热的仿真分析

Simulation of CO₂ and water convective heat transfer in single fracture of practical rock sample

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