粉煤灰在防腐涂料中的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1898

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生活中的腐蚀现象带来了许多安全隐患与经济损失，涂料防腐因其操作简单且效果显著而得到了广泛的应用。近年来，粉煤灰由于自身的结构以及优异的理化性质，作为一种防腐涂料中的填料物质引起了广泛的关注。粉煤灰的加入替代或部分替代了防腐涂料中的材料物质，大大降低了原材料的经济成本，提高了固废资源的利用率。本文结合粉煤灰的基本性质，从涂层的物理屏蔽效应、力学性能、电化学保护三个方面论述了其耐腐蚀性的原理，并阐明了粉煤灰在其中起到的作用。从制备涂层过程中使用的基料入手，将现阶段的粉煤灰防腐涂层分为三种主要类型：粉煤灰环氧树脂防腐涂层、粉煤灰硅酸盐防腐涂层、其他类型的粉煤灰防腐涂料。并对每种类型的涂料现有的研究进展和使用的粉煤灰的性质进行了总结和概括。粉煤灰用于防腐涂料的研究现阶段仍然停留在实验室规模，因为成本和工艺原因，难以实现大规模的工业化应用且存在性能单一、耐久性差的问题。因此开发低成本且具有自修复、自清洁和抗污染特性的粉煤灰防腐涂层是亟须解决的难题。

关键词: 粉煤灰, 防腐涂料, 填料, 防腐机理, 环氧树脂, 硅酸盐

Abstract:

The corrosion phenomenon in life brings many safety hazards and economic losses, and coatings are widely used because they are simple and effective. In recent years, fly ash has attracted a lot of attention as a filler material in anti-corrosion coatings due to its own structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. The addition of fly ash has replaced or partially replaced material substances in anti-corrosion coatings, greatly reducing the economic cost of raw materials and improving the utilization of solid waste resources. The author first combined the basic properties of fly ash and discussed the principles of its corrosion resistance in terms of the physical shielding effect, mechanical properties and electrochemical protection of the coating, and clarified the role played by fly ash in it. Starting from the base materials used in the preparation of the coatings, the present stage of fly ash anti-corrosion coatings was classified into three main types: fly ash epoxy resin anti-corrosion coatings, fly ash silicate anti-corrosion coatings and other types of fly ash anti-corrosion coatings. The existing research progress and the nature of the fly ash used for each type of coating were also summarized and outlined. However, research on fly ash for anti-corrosion coatings was still on a laboratory scale at this stage, making it difficult to achieve large-scale industrial applications and suffering from poor performance and durability due to cost and process. Therefore, the development of low-cost fly ash anti-corrosion coatings with self-healing, self-cleaning and anti-pollution properties was an urgent problem to be solved.

Key words: fly ash, anti-corrosion coating, filler, anti-corrosion mechanism, epoxy resin, silicate

中图分类号:

TQ63

宋伟涛, 宋慧平, 范朕连, 樊飙, 薛芳斌. 粉煤灰在防腐涂料中的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4894-4904.

SONG Weitao, SONG Huiping, FAN Zhenlian, FAN Biao, XUE Fangbin. Research progress of fly ash in anti-corrosion coatings[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4894-4904.

图/表 13

表1 粉煤灰的物理性质（平均值）[12]

密度

/g·cm^-3

表观密度

/g·cm^-3

密实度

/g·cm^-3

原灰标准稠度

需水量

28d抗压强度比

表2 粉煤灰的化学成分[13]

组分	组分的质量分数/%
组分	F类	C类
SiO₂	41.60~60.00	33.00~43.65
Al₂O₃	17.74~29.45	19.39~23.14
Fe₂O₃	4.88~25.40	1.46~5.91
CaO	1.25~9.30	21.80~27.66
MgO	0.20~0.90	4.86~5.64
K₂O	1.9~2.79	0.47~2.08
Na₂O	0.36~0.88	1.38~3.70
LOI	0.22~2.45	0.25~0.61

图1 粉煤灰防腐涂料的分类[19-21]

图2 涂层在腐蚀性环境和油中浸泡后的接触角变化图像[19]

图3 PPy-粉煤灰耐腐蚀原理[31]

图4 填料的制备过程以及涂层中无机填料的屏蔽网络和有机官能团的疏水网络[37]

图5 FACs-MWCNTs/ER涂层的制备及性能 [38]

图6 环氧树脂复合涂层的配比对腐蚀率的影响 [39]

图7 Ni-CFA的SEM图[46]

图8 在3%H2SO4中浸泡30天和90天后试样横截面的酸渗透深度[51]

图9 CPFNIC的SEM图[52]

图10 在3.5%NaCl溶液中暴露的动电位极化钢筋Tafel图[53]

图11 FA-SHO-Cu的抗腐蚀性能[54]

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