煤沥青和石油沥青共混改性的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1597

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

煤焦油沥青（简称煤沥青）具有良好的路用性能，可以替代部分石油沥青，降低对外来沥青的依赖，提高煤沥青的资源化利用，但是煤沥青中存在大量毒性多环芳烃（PAHs），限制了它的广泛应用。本文介绍了煤沥青和石油沥青二者共混的改性方法，并对其进行了系统总结，通过对比现有改性沥青的研究，发现当前的改性手段主要以化学方法为主，改性效果最佳，得出改性过程的主要局限在于如何抑制煤沥青中PAHs的毒性，减少对环境的危害；同时分析并阐释了共混改性沥青可能的物理和化学改性过程及作用机理，对下一步的研究方向和发展进行了展望，提出从物理增容剂的开发和化学催化剂的筛选来做进一步的研究，希望为国内外的沥青改性提供一定的借鉴参考。

关键词: 煤沥青, 多环芳烃, 石油沥青, 改性, 共混

Abstract:

Coal tar pitch (CTP) has good road performance, which can be used to replace part of the petroleum asphalt to reduce the dependence on imported asphalt and improve the utilization rate of CTP. However, there are large amounts of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in CTP, which limited its extensively usage. The blending modification methods of CTP and petroleum asphalt were introduced and systematically summarized in this paper. It was found that the current modification methods were mainly based on chemical modification, showing the best modification effect. The main limitation of the modification blending process was how to suppress the toxicity of PAHs in CTP and reduce the harm to the environment. At the same time, the possible physical and chemical modification processes and mechanism of blending and modification CPT and asphalt were analyzed and explained. Next research direction and development were prospected from development of physical capacitors and screening of chemical catalysts, hoping to provide some reference for the modification of asphalt at home and abroad.

Key words: coal tar pitch, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum asphalt, modification, blending

中图分类号:

TQ522.65

谭利鹏, 申峻, 王玉高, 刘刚, 徐青柏. 煤沥青和石油沥青共混改性的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3749-3759.

TAN Lipeng, SHEN Jun, WANG Yugao, LIU Gang, XU Qingbai. Research progress on blending modification of coal tar pitch and petroleum asphalt[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3749-3759.

图/表 15

参考文献 61

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改性方法	改性剂/萃取剂	优势	劣势
氧化法	氧气、臭氧、高锰酸钾等	氧化剂价廉易得，氧化后制得的醛、酮、芳香酸、环氧化物等是重要的化学中间体，有较高的实用价值	改性沥青易老化，结构可能发生变化，易影响其筑路性能
紫外照射法	紫外光、微波辐射等	可更好地模拟沥青路面的真实使用情况，和其他方法联用可增大改性效果	易导致沥青黏结剂老化，强度降低，改性效果不佳
溶剂萃取法	喹啉、正己烷溶液等	部分溶剂萃取效果好，工艺简单、节能	方法技术有待改进，溶剂难以消除，沸点较高，工艺成本较高
聚合物法	聚酯树脂类、热固树脂类、聚乙二醇等聚合物	技术较为成熟，改性剂种类较多，改性性能也比较显著	部分聚合物改性剂成本较高，降低了改性沥青的性价比
烷基化法	烯烃、醇类、醛类等烷基化剂	改性效果显著，可有效抑制其毒性，同时可降低设备成本费用，性价比较高	烷基化率还未达到理论值，工艺暂时还停留在试验阶段

改性方法	改性剂/萃取剂	优势	劣势
氧化法	氧气、臭氧、高锰酸钾等	氧化剂价廉易得，氧化后制得的醛、酮、芳香酸、环氧化物等是重要的化学中间体，有较高的实用价值	改性沥青易老化，结构可能发生变化，易影响其筑路性能
紫外照射法	紫外光、微波辐射等	可更好地模拟沥青路面的真实使用情况，和其他方法联用可增大改性效果	易导致沥青黏结剂老化，强度降低，改性效果不佳
溶剂萃取法	喹啉、正己烷溶液等	部分溶剂萃取效果好，工艺简单、节能	方法技术有待改进，溶剂难以消除，沸点较高，工艺成本较高
聚合物法	聚酯树脂类、热固树脂类、聚乙二醇等聚合物	技术较为成熟，改性剂种类较多，改性性能也比较显著	部分聚合物改性剂成本较高，降低了改性沥青的性价比
烷基化法	烯烃、醇类、醛类等烷基化剂	改性效果显著，可有效抑制其毒性，同时可降低设备成本费用，性价比较高	烷基化率还未达到理论值，工艺暂时还停留在试验阶段

改性方法	改性剂	优势	劣势
聚合物改性	塑料、热塑性树脂，包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、EVA、SBS等	改性剂种类繁多，改性效果较好，性能较稳定	部分改性剂成本较高、改性沥青耐老化性差、贮存稳定性差
天然沥青调和改性	天然沥青	可提高和改善基质沥青高温敏感性、抗变形性能和黏附性	改性沥青对低温性能表现不一，天然沥青产量较少
废弃生物油品改性	废弃食用油、木基生物油等生物油品	改性剂价廉易得，利于环保，可明显改善改性沥青的路用性能	方法技术发展不成熟，工艺暂时只停留在实验阶段

改性方法	改性剂	优势	劣势
聚合物改性	塑料、热塑性树脂，包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、EVA、SBS等	改性剂种类繁多，改性效果较好，性能较稳定	部分改性剂成本较高、改性沥青耐老化性差、贮存稳定性差
天然沥青调和改性	天然沥青	可提高和改善基质沥青高温敏感性、抗变形性能和黏附性	改性沥青对低温性能表现不一，天然沥青产量较少
废弃生物油品改性	废弃食用油、木基生物油等生物油品	改性剂价廉易得，利于环保，可明显改善改性沥青的路用性能	方法技术发展不成熟，工艺暂时只停留在实验阶段

改性方法	基质沥青	改性条件	优点	缺点
物理改性	煤沥青	物理条件的改变	工艺简单，操作便捷，成本较低	改性效果较为一般，改性沥青毒性较大
物理改性	石油沥青	物理条件的改变	工艺简单，操作便捷，成本较低，改性效果较好	制备的改性沥青等级不高，制备工艺需优化改进
化学改性	石油沥青	物理条件的改变和酸性催化剂选择	对于沥青中的PAHs的抑效果较好，改性沥青性能改善显著	对于条件要求较高，未能明确其发生的化学反应，对于机理还有待进一步研究，还需探究性能更佳的催化剂，工艺暂时停留在实验阶段