二氧化碳的还原及其利用研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0705

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着在2020年提出碳达峰和碳中和目标后，减少碳排放成为我国在生态环境治理上的主要目标。二氧化碳是主要的温室气体，也是碳在空气中的主要存在形式，其在工业上具有原料易于获得、自然条件下存量大等优势。如果能回收利用空气中的二氧化碳，将其通过反应制备成可以再次利用的新物质，不仅可为有效地减少碳排放提供新的思路，也能使二氧化碳得到有效的利用。为了更加深入地研究二氧化碳的还原转化，本文阐述了目前空气中二氧化碳的主要富集方法及其还原转化思路。并根据各个研究对原料二氧化碳浓度的要求及其所采用的研究方法，包括直接转化、电催化、光催化、人工光合作用、酶法等，对近两年的研究进行了梳理和归纳。综述了其制备方法及研究成果，为还原及利用二氧化碳的研究提供进一步的参考。

关键词: 碳中和, 二氧化碳, 汇碳, 机理, 制备方法

Abstract:

With China's goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in 2020, reducing carbon emissions has become the country's main goal in ecological and environmental governance. Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas and the main form of carbon in the air. In industry, it has the advantages of easy access to raw materials and large storage under natural conditions. If the carbon dioxide in the air can be recycled and prepared into new substances that can be reused through the reaction, it not only provides a new idea for effectively reducing carbon emissions, but also makes the carbon dioxide be effectively utilized. In order to further study the reduction and transformation of carbon dioxide, the main enrichment methods of carbon dioxide in air and their reduction and transformation ideas were described in this paper. According to the requirement of carbon dioxide concentration and the research methods, including direct conversion, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, artificial photosynthesis and enzymatic method, the research in recent two years was summarized. The preparation methods and research results were reviewed, which provided a further reference for the study of carbon dioxide reduction and utilization.

Key words: carbon neutral, carbon dioxide, carbon sinks, mechanism, preparation method

中图分类号:

TQ116.3

张育新, 王灿, 舒文祥. 二氧化碳的还原及其利用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 944-956.

ZHANG Yuxin, WANG Can, SHU Wenxiang. Research progress of carbon dioxide reduction and utilization[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 944-956.

图/表 15

图1 使用液体和固体吸附剂 DAC 植物从空气中捕获的二氧化碳、储存和再利用

图2 二氧化碳捕集的五个支柱

图3 Ga基液态金属转化CO2的示意图

图4 二氧化碳还原制备一氧化碳原理图

图5 结合能Eb (COOH) vs.Eb (CO)与过渡金属的线性标度关系

图6 固溶体Cu2+促进电催化示意图

图7 在InN纳米片上原位重构以实现CO2还原成甲酸和CO2电还原反应流动池装置示意图

图8 二氧化碳光催化还原的总体形成机理

图9 催化原理及反应过程示意图

图10 COF中均匀分散POM团簇通过共价键将其限制在COF孔隙中的示意图

图11 金属铜纳米薄膜用于还原二氧化碳的示意图

图12 介孔ITO电极内酶的共固定化示意图

图13 Ni@S-1催化剂合成过程示意图

图14 双核体系催化CO2/PO共聚可能的反应机理

图15 单核配体的合成路线

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