表面活性雾滴联合金属网栅增效除尘

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1067

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步探索新型高效的复合式湿式除尘方法，基于表面活性剂增效润湿、喷雾降尘、水膜捕尘理论，构建了喷雾协同金属网栅除尘试验装置，通过对表面活性溶液性质的测试，优选出AES、LAB-35、X-100共三种活性剂进行试验，探究风速、喷雾压力、网孔目数、网栅层数和粉尘浓度对除尘性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：除尘效率随着风速增大呈现先逐渐升高、后缓慢下降的趋势，当风速为0.8m/s时达到峰值；随着目数、层数、喷雾压力增加，除尘效率有所升高，同时导致系统阻力或耗水量的增加，需要综合平衡；入口粉尘浓度的增大致使除尘效率先增大然后降低，当浓度为400mg/m³时，效率最高达96.74%；三种表面活性雾滴中，0.4%LAB-35雾滴除尘效率最高，其次为0.4%AES雾滴，最低为0.4%X-100雾滴。综上，与纯水喷雾联合金属网栅除尘相比，表面活性喷雾具有较好的增效作用，能够为新型湿式除尘设备的研发提供参考。

关键词: 湿式除尘, 喷雾, 表面活性剂, 金属网栅, 粉体技术, 优化

Abstract:

In order to further explore new and efficient composite wet dust removal technology, the experimental research on the synergistic dust removal performance of surfactant droplets combined with metal mesh grid was carried out. Based on the theories of surfactant-enhanced wetting, spray dust prevention, and water-film separator, a novel test device for dust removal was constructed. Further-more, AES, LAB-35 and X-100 were selected for the experiment by testing the surface tension. The influence of air velocity, spray pressure, mesh number, number of layers and inlet dust concentration on the efficiency of dust removal was investigated in detail. The research results showed that with the increase of wind speed, the dust removal efficiency firstly increased and then slowly decreased, and the dust removal efficiency reached peak value when the wind speed was 0.8m/s. Increasing the number of layers, mesh number and spray pressure could raise the dust removal efficiency while the system resistance or water consumption increased, therefore, a comprehensive balance needed to be considered. Similarly, with the increase of the inlet dust concentration, the dust removal efficiency first increased and then decreased. When the dust concentration was 400mg/m³, the maximum dust removal efficiency was up to 96.74%. Among the three surface active droplets, 0.4% LAB-35 droplets had the highest dust removal efficiency, followed by 0.4% AES drop-lets and 0.4% X-100 droplets. In summary, the surfactant droplets had better synergistic effect than the pure water droplets combined with the metal mesh grid for dust removal, which has significant reference value for the design of new wet dust removal equipment.

Key words: wet dust removal, spray, surfactants, metal mesh grid, powder technology, optimization

中图分类号:

X513

邓权龙, 丁厚成, 徐远迪, 蒋仲安, 杨岚, 孙雪霏. 表面活性雾滴联合金属网栅增效除尘[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(1): 546-552.

DENG Quanlong, DING Houcheng, XU Yuandi, JIANG Zhong’an, YANG Lan, SUN Xuefei. Synergistic dust removal performance of surfactant droplets combined with metal mesh grid[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(1): 546-552.

图/表 12

图1 表面活性雾滴联合网栅除尘原理示意图

图2 实验装置系统图

图3 金属网栅制作过程

表1 六种表面活性剂信息

名称	简称	化学式	类型
脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠	AES	RO(CH₂CH₂O) _n -SO₃Na	阴离子
十二烷基苯磺酸	LABSA	C₁₈H₃₀SO₃	阴离子
辛癸基葡萄糖苷	APG0810	C₁₆H₃₂O₆	非离子
聚乙醇辛基苯基醚	X-100	C₁₄H₂₂O(C₂H₄O) _n	非离子
椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱	CAB-35	C₁₉H₃₈N₂O₃	两性离子
月桂酰胺丙基甜菜碱	LAB-35	C₂₀H₄₀N₂O₃	两性离子

图4 粉尘样品EDS分析和SEM扫描结果

图5 粉尘粒径分布图

图6 表面张力与溶质质量分数的关系曲线

图7 风速对除尘效率的变化曲线

图8 喷雾压力对除尘效率的变化曲线

图9 网栅目数对除尘效率的变化曲线

图10 网栅层数对除尘效率的变化曲线

图11 入口浓度对除尘效率的变化曲线

参考文献 24

1	王跃思, 李文杰, 高文康, 等. 2013—2017年中国重点区域颗粒物质量浓度和化学成分变化趋势[J]. 中国科学（地球科学）, 2020, 50(4): 453-468.
	WANG Yuesi, LI Wenjie, GAO Wenkang, et al. Trends in particulate matter and its chemical compositions in China from 2013—2017[J]. Scientia Sinica (Terrae), 2020, 50(4): 453-468.
2	姬忠礼, 栾鑫, 苗林丰. 高温气体过滤技术及装备发展概况[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(6): 2304-2311.
	JI Zhongli, LUAN Xin, MIAO Linfeng. Overview of hot-gas filtration technology and equipment development[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(6): 2304-2311.
3	王祖兵, 刘武忠, 黄沪涛. 实施健康中国战略提高劳动者职业健康水平——《国家职业病防治规划(2021—2025年)》解读[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2022, 40(1): 1-4.
	WANG Zubing, LIU Wuzhong, HUANG Hutao. Implementing healthy China strategy to improve workers' occupational health: Interpretation of national occupational disease prevention and control plan (2021—2025)[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2022, 40(1): 1-4.
4	袁亮. 煤矿粉尘防控与职业安全健康科学构想[J]. 煤炭学报, 2020, 45(1): 1-7.
	YUAN Liang. Scientific conception of coal mine dust control and occupational safety[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2020, 45(1): 1-7.
5	金龙哲. 我国作业场所粉尘职业危害现状与对策分析[J]. 安全, 2020, 41(1): 1-6.
	JIN Longzhe. The occupational hazards and strategy analysis of dust exposure in workplace in China[J]. Safety & Security, 2020, 41(1): 1-6.
6	王纯, 张殿印. 除尘工程技术手册[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2016: 545-620.
	WANG Chun, ZHANG Dianyin. Handbook on dust removal engineering technology[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2016: 545-620.
7	程卫民, 周刚, 陈连军, 等. 我国煤矿粉尘防治理论与技术20年研究进展及展望[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2020, 48(2): 1-20.
	CHENG Weimin, ZHOU Gang, CHEN Lianjun, et al. Research progress and prospect of dust control theory and technology in China’s coal mines in the past 20 years[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2020, 48(2): 1-20.
8	张殿印, 刘瑾. 除尘设备手册[M]. 2版. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2019.
	ZHANG Dianyin, LIU Jin. Dust removal equipment manual [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2019.
9	WANG Hetang, WANG Chen, WANG Deming. The influence of forced ventilation airflow on water spray for dust suppression on heading face in underground coal mine[J]. Powder Technology, 2017, 320: 498-510.
10	张瑞翔, 王鹏, 伍婷婷, 等. 声波与喷雾对于飞灰颗粒团聚的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(3): 858-863.
	ZHANG Ruixiang, WANG Peng, WU Tingting, et al. Influence of acoustic wave and water spray on the agglomeration of fly ash particles[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(3): 858-863.
11	荆德吉, 徐放, 葛少成, 等. 多层螺旋雾幕技术的喷雾模拟及降尘试验研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2019, 15(8): 70-76.
	JING Deji, XU Fang, GE Shaocheng, et al. Study on spray simulation and dust removal experiments of multi-layer spiral fog curtain technology[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2019, 15(8): 70-76.
12	XU Cuicui, ZHANG Yansong, YAO Qingguo, et al. Analysis of internal flow and outlet velocity characteristics associated with dust suppression nozzles and their impact on spray field[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 11(3): 168781401983630.
13	马有营, 徐荣萧. 矿用多类型雾化喷嘴雾化参数及其对采掘截割区域降尘效果分析[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2020, 46(11): 82-88.
	MA Youying, XU Rongxiao. Analysis of atomizing parameters of Muti-type atomizing nozzles used in mine and its dedusting effect on cutting area[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2020, 46(11): 82-88.
14	黎胜龙, 黄强, 叶南海. 智能控制喷雾除尘技术研究及应用[J]. 煤炭技术, 2017, 36(12): 116-118.
	LI Shenglong, HUANG Qiang, YE Nanhai. Research and application on spray dust control technology of intelligent control[J]. Coal Technology, 2017, 36(12): 116-118.
15	周磊, 杨树莹, 吴新, 等. 表面活性剂增强喷雾对褐煤细颗粒物的抑制[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 49(2): 280-287.
	ZHOU Lei, YANG Shuying, WU Xin, et al. Enhancing suppression performance of spray on lignite fine particles by adding surfactant[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 49(2): 280-287.
16	王军锋, 莫晓健, 张铮, 等. 表面活性剂影响下细水雾吸附细颗粒物特性的试验[J]. 江苏大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 37(1): 31-34.
	WANG Junfeng, MO Xiaojian, ZHANG Zheng, et al. Effect of surfactant on removal of fine particles by fine water mist[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition), 2016, 37(1): 31-34.
17	ZHANG Haihan, NIE Wen, YAN Jiayi, et al. Preparation and performance study of a novel polymeric spraying dust suppression agent with enhanced wetting and coagulation properties for coal mine[J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 364: 901-914.
18	GUO Hua, WANG Haiqiao, WU Zhirong. Model and experiment on resistance loss of wet chordal grid with spray pressure and structural parameters[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021, 2021: 6682988.
19	沈娟. 高压水射流喷嘴的设计及其结构优化[D]. 苏州: 苏州大学, 2014: 9-16.
	SHEN Juan. High pressure water jet nozzle design and structural optimization[D]. Suzhou: Soochow University, 2014: 9-16.
20	蒋仲安, 许峰, 王亚朋, 等. 空气雾化喷嘴雾化机理及影响因素实验分析[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 50(10): 2360-2367.
	JIANG Zhongan, XU Feng, WANG Yapeng, et al. Experimental analysis of atomization mechanism and influencing factors of air atomizing nozzle[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2019, 50(10): 2360-2367.
21	舒心, 李彩亭, 郭忠堂, 等. 基于表面活性剂的斜板洗涤器脱除憎水颗粒研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012, 32(2): 226-231.
	SHU Xin, LI Caiting, GUO Zhongtang, et al. Removal of hydrophobic particles with bevel edge scrubber based on surfactants[J]. China Environmental Science, 2012, 32(2): 226-231.
22	张建国, 李红梅, 刘依婷, 等. 煤尘微细观润湿特性及抑尘剂研发初探——以平顶山矿区为例[J]. 煤炭学报, 2021, 46(3): 812-825.
	ZHANG Jianguo, LI Hongmei, LIU Yiting, et al. Micro-wetting characteristics of coal dust and preliminary study on the development of dust suppressant in Pingdingshan mining area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2021, 46(3): 812-825.
23	陈喜山, 张宇琪, 姚小清. 湿式密集纤维栅对矿山粉尘的过滤效率[J]. 环境工程学报, 2017, 11(5): 2871-2877.
	CHEN Xishan, ZHANG Yuqi, YAO Xiaoqing. Filtration efficiency of wet-type intensive fiber grid on mine dust[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2017, 11(5): 2871-2877.
24	丁厚成, 连志虚, 邓权龙, 等. 振弦栅与高压喷雾协同作用下除尘特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(6): 106-112.
	DING Houcheng, LIAN Zhixu, DENG Quanlong, et al. Research on dust removal characteristics under synergistic action of vibrating wire grid and high-pressure spray[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(6): 106-112.

[1]	李梦圆, 郭凡, 李群生. 聚乙烯醇生产中回收工段第三、第四精馏塔的模拟与优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 113-123.
[2]	张瑞杰, 刘志林, 王俊文, 张玮, 韩德求, 李婷, 邹雄. 水冷式复叠制冷系统的在线动态模拟与优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 124-132.
[3]	王福安. 300kt/a环氧丙烷工艺反应器降耗减排分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 213-218.
[4]	陈匡胤, 李蕊兰, 童杨, 沈建华. 质子交换膜燃料电池气体扩散层结构与设计研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 246-259.
[5]	王正坤, 黎四芳. 双子表面活性剂癸炔二醇的绿色合成[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 400-410.
[6]	赵景超, 谭明. 表面活性剂对电渗析减量化工业含盐废水的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 529-535.
[7]	孙玉玉, 蔡鑫磊, 汤吉海, 黄晶晶, 黄益平, 刘杰. 反应精馏合成甲基丙烯酸甲酯工艺优化及节能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 56-63.
[8]	李春利, 韩晓光, 刘加朋, 王亚涛, 王晨希, 王洪海, 彭胜. 填料塔液体分布器的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4479-4495.
[9]	刘炫麟, 王驿凯, 戴苏洲, 殷勇高. 热泵中氨基甲酸铵分解反应特性及反应器结构优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4522-4530.
[10]	王谨航, 何勇, 史伶俐, 龙臻, 梁德青. 气体水合物阻聚剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4587-4602.
[11]	王晨, 白浩良, 康雪. 大功率UV-LED散热与纳米TiO₂光催化酸性红26耦合系统性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4905-4916.
[12]	李蓝宇, 黄新烨, 王笑楠, 邱彤. 化工科研范式智能化转型的思考与展望[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3325-3330.
[13]	林海, 王彧斐. 考虑噪声约束的分布式风场布局优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3394-3403.
[14]	周龙大, 赵立新, 徐保蕊, 张爽, 刘琳. 电场-旋流耦合强化多相介质分离研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3443-3456.
[15]	薛凯, 王帅, 马金鹏, 胡晓阳, 种道彤, 王进仕, 严俊杰. 工业园区分布式综合能源系统的规划与调度[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3510-3519.