天然气生物脱硫技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1123

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天然气作为绿色、高效的优质清洁能源，在我国能源结构中所占比例日益增加。因为天然气中含有一定量的有毒有害气体硫化氢，所以天然气在使用之前就需要脱除其中的硫化氢气体。生物脱硫是利用微生物脱除气体和废水中的含硫化合物，具有操作条件温和、能量消耗低、环境污染小、脱硫效率高、副产生物硫黄等优势。因此，天然气生物脱硫技术已成为天然气净化研究的热点之一。本文首先介绍了天然气中硫化氢气体的主要来源，回顾了工业上广泛应用的天然气脱硫技术（克劳斯法脱硫和络合铁法脱硫）；随后阐述了生物脱硫的主要菌种以及脱硫机理，并重点介绍了天然气生物脱硫技术的典型工艺（Bio-SR脱硫和Shell-Paques脱硫）和新型工艺（嗜盐嗜碱生物脱硫）；最后指出了天然气生物脱硫技术的发展方向。

关键词: 天然气, 硫化氢, 部分氧化, 脱硫细菌, 脱硫机理, 生物技术

Abstract:

Natural gas is a green and efficient energy source, which has taken an increasing part of energy structure in China. Since natural gas contains a certain amount of toxic and harmful gas, hydrogen sulfide, it needs to be desulfurized before its utilization. Biological desulfurization is a process in which sulfur compounds are removed from gas and wastewater using microorganisms. Biodesulfurization is a simple process that has mild operating conditions, low energy consumption, less environmental pollution, high desulfurization efficiency and sulfur by-products. Therefore, the biological desulfurization technology has been one of research spots in the natural gas sweetening process. The review briefly summarizes the main sources of hydrogen sulfide in natural gas and natural gas desulfurization technologies used widely in industry, and then mentions the main bacterial strains used for biological desulfurization and their desulfurization metabolic pathways. Herein, the typical process and new process of natural gas biological desulfurization technology are described emphatically. Finally the developing trends of natural gas biological desulfurization technology are pointed out.

Key words: natural gas, hydrogen sulfide, partial oxidation, desulfurization bacteria, desulfurization mechanism, biotechnology

中图分类号:

陈郑, 赵秀梅, 穆廷桢, 杨茂华, 苗得露, 赵胥浩, 张建, 邢建民. 天然气生物脱硫技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(5): 2471-2483.

CHEN Zheng, ZHAO Xiumei, MU Tingzhen, YANG Maohua, MIAO Delu, ZHAO Xuhao, ZHANG Jian, XING Jianmin. Advance in biological desulfurization technology of natural gas[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(5): 2471-2483.

图/表 12

图1 直接法克劳斯脱硫

图2 分流法克劳斯脱硫

图3 直接氧化法克劳斯脱硫

图4 络合铁脱硫工艺流程

图5 硫的氧化途径

图6 硫化物的氧化途径

图7 硫代硫酸盐的氧化途径

图8 亚硫酸盐的氧化途径

图9 嗜盐嗜碱硫碱弧菌D301的硫代谢途径

图10 Bio-SR生物脱硫技术工艺流程

图11 Shell-Paques生物脱硫技术工艺流程

图12 嗜盐嗜碱生物脱硫技术工艺流程

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