压裂支撑剂的覆膜改性技术

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0487

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 386-400.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0487

压裂支撑剂的覆膜改性技术

张潇¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 王占一¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 吴峙颖⁵, 刘玉婷⁶, 刘子龙¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 刘欣佳⁷, 张遂安³()

^1.中国石油大学(北京)理学院，北京 102249
^2.中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室，北京 102249
^3.中国石油大学(北京)煤层气研究中心，北京 102249
^4.中国石油大学(北京)油气光学探测技术北京市重点实验室，北京 102249
^5.中国石化石油工程技术研究院，北京 100101
^6.中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083
^7.中国石油长庆油田油气工艺研究院，陕西西安 710021

收稿日期:2022-03-25 修回日期:2022-06-07 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-02-20
通讯作者: 张遂安
作者简介:张潇（1984—），女，博士，副教授，研究方向为油气工程化学（水基和CO2压裂液、堵剂、覆膜支撑剂等）与煤层气等非常规油气开发工艺。E-mail：zhangxiao@cup.edu.cn。
基金资助:
山西省科技重大专项(20201102002)

Coating modification technology of fracturing proppant

ZHANG Xiao¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), WANG Zhanyi¹^,²^,³^,⁴, WU Zhiying⁵, LIU Yuting⁶, LIU Zilong¹^,²^,³^,⁴, LIU Xinjia⁷, ZHANG Sui’an³()

^1.College of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
^3.Research Center of Coalbed Methane, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
^4.Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Optical Detection Technology, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
^5.Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing 100101, China
^6.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
^7.Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi, China

Received:2022-03-25 Revised:2022-06-07 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-02-20
Contact: ZHANG Sui’an

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对油气田开发对压裂支撑剂的性能要求愈来愈高的产业重大需求，油田化学领域运用现代化学理论与技术，开展了一系列卓有成效的压裂支撑剂化学覆膜改性研究和产品研发，为油气工业的快速发展做出了突出贡献。本文从化学和工程两个视角，系统阐述了压裂支撑剂化学覆膜改性的研究方向。化学角度，主要研究方向包括：在支撑剂表面涂层构成化学覆膜、通过化学手段科学改变支撑剂表面特性、化学涂层与改性并举。工程角度，大致分为三个重要研究方向：一是通过在石英砂、陶粒等支撑剂表面涂敷覆膜来提升支撑剂强度；二是通过在石英砂、陶粒等支撑剂表面涂敷覆膜来降低整个支撑剂的相对密度（如自悬浮涂层技术等）；三是石英砂、陶粒等支撑剂表面涂敷覆膜实现堵水疏油的功能。本文还简要阐述了树脂覆膜支撑剂、疏水支撑剂、憎水憎油支撑剂、自悬浮支撑剂、自聚型支撑剂、无机聚合物涂覆支撑剂以及功能性支撑剂等主要产品的特性。展望支撑剂未来的发展趋势，提出支撑剂应向多功能、高性能、小尺寸和智能化方向发展以及开发出更加适合无水压裂的支撑剂和原位生成型自支撑压裂体系。

关键词: 石油, 天然气, 聚合物, 水力压裂, 支撑剂, 包覆技术

Abstract:

With the increasing demand for high performance fracturing proppant, the advanced chemical theory and technology of oilfield chemistry have been applied to carry out a series of effective fracturing proppant chemical coating modification and products, contributing to the rapid development of the oil and gas industry. From the perspective of chemistry and engineering, this paper systematically reviews the recent advances on chemical coating modification of fracturing proppant. In a view of chemistry, the research directions mainly include: chemical coating on the proppant surface, chemical methods to change the surface properties of proppants, and combination chemical coating and modification. From an engineering point of view, it can be roughly divided into three important research directions: ① to improve the strength of proppant by coating the surface of proppant, such as quartz sand and ceramsite; ② to reduce the relative density of the proppant by coating the surface of the proppant, such as self-suspending coating technology, etc; and ③ to achieve the function of blocking water and oil by coating the surface of the proppant with a film. The main characteristics of resin-coated proppants, hydrophobic proppants, hydrophobic and oil-repellent proppants, self-suspending proppants, self-aggregulating proppant, inorganic polymer-coated proppants and functional proppants are also briefly described. The current trends of proppants are also outlined. It is expected that proppants should be developed in the direction of multi-function, high performance, small size and intelligence, and more suitable for anhydrous fracturing and in-situ generation self-supporting fracturing systems.

Key words: oil, natural gas, polymer, hydraulic fracturing, proppant, coating technology

中图分类号:

TE65

张潇, 王占一, 吴峙颖, 刘玉婷, 刘子龙, 刘欣佳, 张遂安. 压裂支撑剂的覆膜改性技术[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(1): 386-400.

ZHANG Xiao, WANG Zhanyi, WU Zhiying, LIU Yuting, LIU Zilong, LIU Xinjia, ZHANG Sui’an. Coating modification technology of fracturing proppant[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(1): 386-400.

图/表 14

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被涂覆骨料	用于涂层的有机聚合物	添加剂	密度/g·cm^-3	参考文献
石英砂	不饱和聚酯树脂/松木粉（纤维）复合材料	固化剂	2.50	[9]
石英砂、玻璃珠	酚醛树脂、无氟无硅环氧树脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯等	玻璃纤维、石棉、云母、二氧化硅、氧化铝等增强剂。	2.50~2.60	[10]
陶粒	环氧树脂		1.79	[11]
石英砂	环氧树脂		2.60	[12]
石英砂	热固性酚醛树脂		2.50	[13]
烧结铝土矿、铝和氧化锆、也可以使用其他陶瓷材料	酚醛树脂	偶联剂，用于防止烧结的硬脂酸钙，可用于防止粉尘问题的矿物油以及增强剂	2.50~3.50	[14]
石英砂、轻质陶瓷、铝土矿、生物基材料（如不同类型的坚果壳、杏仁和橄榄）	酚醛树脂、聚氨酯	偶联剂、纤维增强剂	1.25~3.65	[15]
铝土矿、石英砂、陶粒、玻璃、核桃壳、聚合物颗粒等	酚醛树脂、聚酯树脂、脲醛树脂、呋喃树脂、聚氨酯树脂等	固化剂、硅烷偶联剂、增黏剂		[7]
石英砂	热固性酚醛树脂		2.56	[16]
石英砂，陶粒	水凝胶		2.60~3.50	[17]
黏土、石英砂、烧结陶瓷	无硅氟环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、呋喃树脂、脲醛树脂、聚氨酯等		2.50~3.65	[18]
炭/陶复合材料	热固性酚醛树脂			[19]
石英砂、陶粒	热固性酚醛树脂		2.50~3.65	[20]

被涂覆骨料	用于涂层的有机聚合物	添加剂	密度/g·cm^-3	参考文献
石英砂	不饱和聚酯树脂/松木粉（纤维）复合材料	固化剂	2.50	[9]
石英砂、玻璃珠	酚醛树脂、无氟无硅环氧树脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯等	玻璃纤维、石棉、云母、二氧化硅、氧化铝等增强剂。	2.50~2.60	[10]
陶粒	环氧树脂		1.79	[11]
石英砂	环氧树脂		2.60	[12]
石英砂	热固性酚醛树脂		2.50	[13]
烧结铝土矿、铝和氧化锆、也可以使用其他陶瓷材料	酚醛树脂	偶联剂，用于防止烧结的硬脂酸钙，可用于防止粉尘问题的矿物油以及增强剂	2.50~3.50	[14]
石英砂、轻质陶瓷、铝土矿、生物基材料（如不同类型的坚果壳、杏仁和橄榄）	酚醛树脂、聚氨酯	偶联剂、纤维增强剂	1.25~3.65	[15]
铝土矿、石英砂、陶粒、玻璃、核桃壳、聚合物颗粒等	酚醛树脂、聚酯树脂、脲醛树脂、呋喃树脂、聚氨酯树脂等	固化剂、硅烷偶联剂、增黏剂		[7]
石英砂	热固性酚醛树脂		2.56	[16]
石英砂，陶粒	水凝胶		2.60~3.50	[17]
黏土、石英砂、烧结陶瓷	无硅氟环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、呋喃树脂、脲醛树脂、聚氨酯等		2.50~3.65	[18]
炭/陶复合材料	热固性酚醛树脂			[19]
石英砂、陶粒	热固性酚醛树脂		2.50~3.65	[20]

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压裂支撑剂的覆膜改性技术

Coating modification technology of fracturing proppant

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