载酶塑料填料的制备与优化

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-2555

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

酶催化反应精馏（ERD）是使用酶作催化剂，将反应精馏（RD）与生物催化相结合的过程。近年来，该工艺过程因其高选择性和环境友好性而日益得到认可。本文研究了塑料填料固定化酶，将含有脂肪酶的溶胶-凝胶溶液喷涂到塑料填料表面，制备了载酶塑料填料。载酶填料作为精馏柱内不可或缺的结构单元，其稳定性是影响ERD发展的重要因素。溶胶-凝胶配方各组分的相对含量直接影响凝胶基质和被包埋酶的性能，因此，本研究对凝胶配方进行了优化，以改善塑料填料载酶涂层的开裂问题。用傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）对样品进行了表征，并对黏附强度、循环稳定性、机械性能、酶活性和催化效率进行了研究。结果表明，塑料填料表面凝胶涂层的脆性开裂情况得到了改善，涂层与填料的结合强度提高了14.2%。溶胶-凝胶配方的优化可以改善凝胶基质的性能，提高载酶填料的机械稳定性，且优化配方制备的催化剂具有优异的酶学稳定性。这一工作证明了塑料填料固定化酶的可行性，为ERD的工业化打下基础。

关键词: 塑料填料, 酶催化反应精馏, 溶胶-凝胶, 固定化, 优化

Abstract:

Enzymatic reactive distillation (ERD) is a process that combines reactive distillation (RD) with biocatalysis by using enzymes as reaction catalysts. Recently, this process is increasingly recognized for its high selectivity and environment-friendliness. In this paper, the enzyme-loaded packing was prepared by spraying the sol-gel solution with enzyme on the surface of plastic packing. As an indispensable structure in distillation column, the stability of enzyme-loaded packing was an important factor for the development of ERD. The relative content of the components in sol-gel formulation directly affected the performance of the gel matrix and the embedded enzyme. Hence, the gel formulation was optimized to improve the cracking problem of enzyme-loaded coating of plastic packing. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the adhesion test, cycling stability, mechanical property, enzyme activity, and catalytic efficiency were studied. The results show that the brittleness of the gel coating on the surface of plastic packing has been improved, with the adhesion strength of the gel coating and packing increased by 14.2%, and the catalyst prepared by optimized formulation has excellent enzymatic stability. This work proved the feasibility of immobilizing enzymes on plastic packing and provided more potential for the industrialization of ERD.

Key words: plastic packing, enzymatic reactive distillation (ERD), sol-gel, immobilization, optimization

中图分类号:

Q814

王洪海, 尹依, 刘星, 魏斯文, 苏伟怡, 李春利. 载酶塑料填料的制备与优化[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(12): 6829-6838.

WANG Honghai, YIN Yi, LIU Xing, WEI Siwen, SU Weiyi, LI Chunli. Preparation and optimization of enzyme-loaded plastic packing[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(12): 6829-6838.

图/表 15

图1 载酶填料的制备过程

图2 硅烷前体对酶活和蛋白固载率的影响

图3 游离酶添加量对酶活和蛋白固载率的影响

图4 PEG400加入量对酶活和蛋白固载率的影响

图5 水的量对酶活和蛋白固载率的影响

图6 塑料填料载酶涂层的SEM图

图7 配方优化前后凝胶粉末的红外光谱图

图8 两配方制备干凝胶的应力应变曲线

图9 配方优化前后载酶涂层的黏附强度

图10 两配方制备的载酶填料的循环稳定性

图11 配方优化前后的催化效率对比

图12 游离酶和固定化酶在70℃环境下的热稳定性

图13 游离酶和固定化酶的有机溶剂耐受性

图14 游离酶和固定化酶的储存稳定性

图15 固定化酶的重复使用性

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