燃煤电厂烟气二氧化碳胺法捕集工艺改进研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-2525

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 有机胺化学吸收法是当前最具大规模工业化应用前景的燃煤电厂烟气二氧化碳捕集技术，但目前仍存在能耗较高的缺点，而通过工艺改进将是降低碳捕集系统能耗的有效方法之一。本文从吸收端和解吸端分别对十余类工艺改进方法的原理和研究进展进行了阐述，其中吸收端涉及吸收塔内部冷却、富液循环、贫液分配流和旋转塔4类工艺；解吸端则包括解吸塔塔级再热、富液分流、闪蒸再生、闪蒸压缩、多压力解吸、多效解吸塔和直接蒸汽解吸共7类工艺。分析表明，富液分流、闪蒸压缩、多效解吸塔和直接蒸汽解吸工艺展示了较好的改进效果。并进一步介绍了多种工艺联合改进的碳捕集系统综合优化方法，特别对综合优化过程中需要重点关注的各工艺间相互作用以及吸收剂与优化工艺匹配性进行了讨论说明，由此指出联合采用新型胺吸收剂和复合工艺改进是未来开发先进胺法碳捕集系统的重要研究方向。

关键词: 燃煤电厂, 烟气, 二氧化碳捕集, 有机胺, 工艺改进, 能耗

Abstract: Post-combustion CO₂ capture based on amine solvents chemical absorption is currently the most promising technology for industrial application in coal-fired power plant. However, this technology has the disadvantage of high energy consumption. To address this issue, process configuration modification of the CO₂ capture system will be an efficient method. In this review, a variety of flow sheet modifications reported in the literatures were classified into two catalogues, the absorption side and the desorption side. The absorption side modifications mainly involved four kinds, intercooled absorber, rich solvent recycle, lean solvent splitting and rotating packed bed, while the desorption side ones included seven kinds, interheated stripper, rich solvent splitting, flashing stripping, flashing and compression, multi-pressure stripper, multi-effect stripper and direct steam stripping. Among these modifications, rich solvent splitting, flashing and compression, multi-effect stripper and direct steam stripping showed the promising effect on energy reduction of the system. This review also introduced the combining of multiple modifications for comprehensive optimization of CO₂ capture system. The interaction among different modifications and the compatibility between amine solvents and modifications were particularly discussed. On this base, the combination of novel amine absorbents and process configuration multi-modifications was suggested to be an important research issue on advanced CO₂ capture system development in the future.

Key words: coal-fired power plant, flue gases, carborn dioxide capture, amine solvents, flow-sheet modification, energy consumption

中图分类号:

林海周, 裴爱国, 方梦祥. 燃煤电厂烟气二氧化碳胺法捕集工艺改进研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(12): 4874-4886.

LIN Haizhou, PEI Aiguo, FANG Mengxiang. Progress of research on process modifications for amine solvent-based post combustion CO₂ capture from coal-fired power plant[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(12): 4874-4886.

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