聚丙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0377

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 聚丙烯（PP）作为通用型热塑性塑料，具有物理性能优异、成型加工简单、密度小以及原料来源丰富等优点，广泛应用于电器、汽车和包装等行业。但是PP具有韧性差、低温脆性突出、抗冲击性能不佳、介电常数低、制品尺寸稳定性差等诸多缺点。碳纳米管（CNT）不仅具有独特的管状结构，还具有优异的力学、导电、导热以及耐磨等性能。将CNT和PP进行复合并制备出具有导电、导热、耐磨等高性能复合材料具有广阔的应用前景。因此，本文重点综述PP和CNT复合材料的新进展，主要包括结晶行为、力学性能、电学性能、摩擦性能、导热性能以及其他性能。针对现阶段PP/CNT复合材料研究和开发过程中存在的问题提出意见和建议，并对PP/CNT复合材料的未来发展做出展望。

关键词: 聚丙烯, 碳纳米管, 复合材料, 结晶, 磨损

Abstract: Polypropylene (PP), as a general purpose thermoplastic, has many advantages, such as excellent physical properties, simple processing, small density, rich source of raw materials and so on, which is widely used in electrical appliances, automotive and packaging industries. However, PP has many shortcomings, such as poor toughness, low temperature brittleness, poor impact resistance, low dielectric constant and poor dimensional stability of the product. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have not only a unique tubular structure, but also the excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and wear properties. The high performance composite materials of CNT and PP, which contain conductive, thermal conductivity and wear-resistant, would reveal broad application prospects. Therefore, the crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, electrical properties, frictional properties, thermal conductivity and other properties of polypropylene/carbon nanotube (PP/CNT) composites are reviewed emphatically. Meanwhile, the opinions and suggestions on the problems existed in the research and development of PP/CNT composites at present stage are put forward. Finally, the future development of PP/CNT composites is forecasted.

Key words: polypropylene, carbon nanotubes, composites, crystallization, attrition

中图分类号:

TQ325.1⁺4

彭文理, 张文学, 黄安平, 高琳, 陈振斌, 朱博超. 聚丙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(12): 4735-4743.

PENG Wenli, ZHANG Wenxue, HUANG Anping, GAO Lin, CHEN Zhenbin, ZHU Bochao. Research progress of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes composites[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(12): 4735-4743.

参考文献

[1] GHOSHAL S, WANG P H, GULGUNJE P, et al. High impact strength polypropylene containing carbon nanotubes[J]. Polymer, 2016, 100:259-274.
[2] 王柯, 朱燕灵, 傅强. 聚丙烯的结晶形态调控与高性能化[J]. 高分子学报, 2017, 7(7):1073-1081. WANG K, ZHU Y L, FU Q. Toward high-performance polypropylene via controlling crystalline morphology[J]. Journal of Polymer Science, 2017, 7(7):1073-1081.
[3] 张荣, 刘忠柱, 付艳芹, 等. 碳纳米管改性及其聚丙烯基复合材料的研究进展[J]. 上海塑料, 2014(4):1-6. ZHANG R, LIU Z Z, FU Y Q, et al. Research progress of carbon nanotubes modification and polypropylene/carbon nanotubes composites[J]. Shanghai Plastics, 2014(4):1-6.
[4] TARIG F, SHIFA M, BALOCH R A. Mechanical and thermal properties of multi-scale carbon nanotubes-carbon fiber-epoxy composite[J]. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2018(2):1-12.
[5] 谢克锋, 宋赛楠, 高琳, 等. 新型碳材料与聚烯烃复合材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2014, 33(5):1225-1229. XIE K F, SONG S N, GAO L, et al. Research progress of new type carbon materials/polyolefin composite[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2014, 33(5):1225-1229.
[6] LI Y, ZHENG Y, ZHAN P, et al. Vapor sensing performance as a diagnosis probe to estimate the distribution of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in poly (lactic acid)/polypropylene conductive composites[J]. Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical, 2018, 255:2809-2819.
[7] 周庆祥, 肖军平, 汪卫东, 等. 碳纳米管应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2006, 25(7):750-754. ZHOU Q X, XIAO J P, WANG W D, et al. Progress of the application of carbon nanotubes[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2006, 25(7):750-754.
[8] PATTI A, BARRETTA R, DE SCIARRA F M, et al. Flexural properties of multi-wall carbon nanotube/polypropylene composites:experimental investigation and nonlocal modeling[J]. Composite Structures, 2015, 131:282-289.
[9] MAZOV I N, ILINYKH I A, KUZNETSOV V L, et al. Thermal conductivity of polypropylene-based composites with multiwall carbon nanotubes with different diameter and morphology[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, 586:S440-S442.
[10] KAZEMI Y, KAKROODI A R, WANG S, et al. Conductive network formation and destruction in polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites via crystal control using supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. Polymer, 2017, 129:179-188.
[11] 姚忠亮, 曹宁宁, 郑玉婴, 等. 聚丙烯/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的制备与性能研究[J]. 中国塑料, 2017, 31(7):40-47. YAO Z L, CAO N N, ZHENG Y Y, et al. Fabrication and properties of polypropylene/multi-wall carbon nanotubes comtmsites[J]. China Plastics, 2017, 31(7):40-47.
[12] LIANG J Z, ZHOU T Y, ZOU S Y. Non-isothermal crystallization properties of polypropylene composites filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes[J]. Polymer Testing, 2016, 55:184-189.
[13] SCHAWE J E K, PÖTSCHKE P, ALIG I. Nucleation efficiency of fillers in polymer crystallization studied by fast scanning calorimetry:carbon nanotubes in polypropylene[J]. Polymer, 2017, 116:160-172.
[14] 栗娟, 李彩虹. 大分子增容剂对聚丙烯/碳纳米管复合材料性能的影响[J]. 塑料科技, 2017, 45(10):111-114. LI J, LI C H. Infiuence of macromolecular compatibilizer on properties of polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites[J]. Plastics Science and Technology, 2017, 45(10):111-114.
[15] ACIERNO S, BARRETTA R, LUCIANO R, et al. Experimental evaluations and modeling of the tensile behavior of polypropylene/single-walled carbon nanotubes fibers[J]. Composite Structures, 2017, 174:12-18.
[16] HUANG J, RODRIGUE D. The effect of carbon nanotube orientation and content on the mechanical properties of polypropylene based composites[J]. Materials & Design, 2014, 55:653-663.
[17] LV Q, WANG Z, CHEN S, et al. Effects of single adatom and stone-wales defects on the elastic properties of carbon nanotube/polypropylene composites:a molecular simulation study[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2017, 131:527-534.
[18] 叶靖, 方建鹏, 张玲, 等. 聚丙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的结构与导电性能:注塑工艺与膨胀石墨的影响[J]. 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 43(5):606-613. YE J, FANG J P, ZHANG L, et al. Structure and electric conductivity of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes composites:effect of injection process and expanded graphite[J]. Journal of East China University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 43(5):606-613.
[19] LIN Z I, LOU C W, PAN Y J, et al. Conductive fabrics made of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube coated polyester yarns:mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2017, 141:74-82.
[20] AMELI A, KAZEMI Y, WANG S, et al. Process-microstructure-electrical conductivity relationships in injection-molded polypropylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposite foams[J]. Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2017, 96:28-36.
[21] 辛忠, 石尧麒. α/β复合成核剂调控聚丙烯结晶过程的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2012, 31(1):126-132. XIN Z, SHI Y Q. Research advance in controlled crystallization of isotactic polypropylene based on α/β compounded nucleating agents[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2012, 31(1):126-132.
[22] ASUKE F, ABDULWAHAB M, AIGBODION V S, et al. Effect of load on the wear behaviour of polypropylene/carbonized bone ash particulate composite[J]. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2014, 1(1):67-70.
[23] GANDHI R A, PALANIKUMAR K, RAGUNATH B K, et al. Role of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in improving wear properties of polypropylene (PP) in dry sliding condition[J]. Materials & Design, 2013, 48:52-57.
[24] 庄白妞, 宋泽凯, 罗永杰, 等. 液相法制备CNTs/PP复合材料的摩擦性能[J]. 机电技术, 2016(6):69-71. ZHUANG B N, SONG Z K, LUO Y J, et al. Friction properties of CNTs/PP composites prepared by liquid-phase method[J]. Mechanical & Electrical Technology, 2016(6):69-71.
[25] 卢月美, 王世伟. 不同工况下碳纳米管/聚丙烯复合材料摩擦性能研究[J]. 塑料工业, 2016, 44(1):85-89. LU Y M, WANG S W. Study on tribological properties of carbon nanotubes/polypropylene composites under different working conditions[J]. China Plastics Industry, 2016, 44(1):85-89.
[26] BERBER S, KWON Y K, TOMÁNEK D. Unusually high thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2000, 84(20):4613-4616.
[27] POP E, MANN D, WANG Q, et al. Thermal conductance of an individual single-wall carbon nanotube above room temperature[J]. Nano Letters, 2006, 6(1):96-100.
[28] 杨芳, 徐百平, 杜遥雪. PP/KPEG/MWNTs导热复合材料制备及性能[J]. 工程塑料应用, 2017, 45(3):45-49. YANG F, XU B P, DU Y X. PP/KPEG/MWNTs thermal conductive composites preparation and properties[J]. Engineering Plastics Application, 2017, 45(3):45-49.
[29] XU R, CHEN M, ZHANG F, et al. High thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity tailored in carbon nanotube (carbon black)/polypropylene (alumina) composites[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2016, 133:111-118.
[30] 周磊, 李东泽, 于燕燕, 等. 包覆CNT和膨胀阻燃剂在聚丙烯基体中的协效阻燃性[J]. 塑料工业, 2015, 43(6):101-105. ZHOU L, LI D Z, YU Y Y, et al. Flame-retarded synergy between coated CNT and an intumescent flame retardant in polypropylene matrix[J]. China Plastics Industry, 2015, 43(6):101-105.
[31] ZHANG D, YANG H, LIU Z, et al. Interfacial interaction between polypropylene and nanotube:a molecular dynamics simulation[J]. Journal of Molecular Structure, 2017, 1144:260-264.
[32] BOUNOS G, ANDRIKOPOULOS K S, MOSCHOPOULOU H, et al. Enhancing water vapor permeability in mixed matrix polypropylene membranes through carbon nanotubes dispersion[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 524:576-584.
[33] NISAR M, BERGMANN C P, GESHEV J, et al. Synthesis and characterization of polypropylene/iron encapsulated carbon nanotube composites with high magnetic response at room temperature[J]. Polymer, 2017, 118:68-74.
[34] 练澎, 张小凤. 碳纳米管制备方法的研究进展[J]. 当代化工, 2015, 44(4):737-739. LIAN P, ZHANG X F. Research progress in preparation methods of carbon nanotubes[J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2015, 44(4):737-739.