化学镀在换热表面强化滴状凝结、阻垢、耐蚀研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 从换热器实际问题出发,分别回顾了化学镀层强化凝结换热、阻垢、耐蚀3个方面的研究进展。在强化凝结换热方面,阐述了以Ni-P化学镀为基础的界面表面能、镀层非晶含量、温度、压力以及添加PTFE等物质对在换热界面形成滴状凝结的影响。在化学镀阻垢方面,介绍了污垢的生长过程,讨论了镀层非晶含量、实验条件、梯度镀层以及添加W、BN、Sn、Cu等元素对镀层阻垢性能的影响。在化学镀耐腐蚀研究方面,阐述了镀层磷含量、梯度镀层、表面活性剂、镀液pH值、温度以及添加Cu、PTFE等元素对镀层抗腐蚀性能的影响。并根据实际生产情况,提出对镀层强化凝结换热、阻垢和耐腐蚀3个方面特性相互间的影响关系进行研究。同时提出,为了推进镀层技术工业化发展,还应解决镀层长效性的问题。

关键词: 强化换热, 滴状凝结, 阻垢, 耐腐蚀

Abstract: Based on the practical problems of condenser, this article reviews the research progress of electroless plating applied to enhance dropwise condensation, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion properties.It is discussed the influence of surface energy, amorphous content, temperature, pressure, and PTFE content on the dropwise condensation.The growth of deposition on the electroless plating surface is introduced, and it is discussed the effect of amorphous content, experiment conditions, multi-layer plating and wolfram, boron nitride, stannum and cooper content on the surface anti-fouling property.This article discusses the influence of phosphorus content, multi-layer plating, surfactant, pH, temperature and Cu and PTFE content on the surface anti-corrosion property.Considering practical problems of condenser, put forward to future research which is creating a muli-property electroless plating.Meanwhile, in order to promote the development of electroless plating technology industrialization, longevity problem of electroless plating should also be solved.

Key words: heat transfer enhancement, dropwise condensation, resist fouling, corrosion resistance

胡丞, 高景山, 张英. 化学镀在换热表面强化滴状凝结、阻垢、耐蚀研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2015, 34(s1): 10-17.

HU Cheng, GAO Jingshan, ZHANG Ying. Research progress of electroless plating applied on heat exchange surface to enhance dropwise condensation, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion properties[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2015, 34(s1): 10-17.

参考文献

[1] 马学虎,徐敦颀,林纪方.超薄聚合物表面与滴状冷凝的研究[J].化工学报,1993,44(2): 165-169.

[2] Woodrulf D W, Westwater J W.Steam condensation on various gold surfaces [J].Journal of Heat Transfer, 1981, 103: 685-692.

[3] O'Neill G A, Westwater J W.Dropwise condensation of steam on electroplated silver surfaces [J].J.Heat Mass Transfer, 1984, 27(9): 1539-1549.

[4] 曾斌,侯峰,徐宏,等.Ni-P化学镀层表面实现滴状冷凝传热[J].化工进展,2012,31(3): 513-517.

[5] 程延海,朱真才,韩正铜,等.镀层换热表面凝结传热实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(8): 27-31.

[6] 程延海,朱真才,张世举,等.热交换器表面镀层对传热性能的影响[J].工程热物理学报,2012,33(1): 128-130.

[7] 邹勇,程延海,赵亮,等.镀层微观结构对凝结换热的影响[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(12): 2076-2078.

[8] Cheng Lin, Cheng Yanhai, Xin Gongming, et al.Influence of Ni-P coating microstructure on condensation heat transfer[C]//Washington D C: 14th International Heat Transfer Conference, 2010.

[9] 程立新,杨杰辉,邱建伟.Ni-PTFE复合镀层的性能及其新的应用[J].表面技术,1997,26(4): 35-36.

[10] 杨杰辉,程立新.在复合镀层表面上实现滴状冷凝传热的研究[J].化学工程,1996,24(4): 38-41.

[11] Yang Qingfeng, Gu Anzhong.Dropwise condensation on SAM and electroless composite coating surfaces[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 2006, 39(8): 826-830.

[12] Jorge R Lara, Mark T Holtzapple.Experimental investigation of dropwise condensation on hydrophobic heat exchangers part I: Dimpled-sheets [J].Desalination, 2011, 278: 165-172.

[13] Jorge R Lara, Mark T Holtzapple.Experimental investigation of dropwise condensation on hydrophobic heat exchangers part II: Effect of coatings and surface geometry [J]. Desalination, 2011, 280: 363-369.

[14] 何凯龙,陈颖,冯靖,等.Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀层的导热及阻垢性能研究[J].材料导报B:研究篇,2013,27(1): 121-124.

[15] Yang Qinfeng, Ding Jie, Shen Ziqiu.Investigation of calcium carbonate scaling on ELP surface[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 2000, 33(4): 591-596.

[16] 程延海,邹勇,程林,等.防垢涂层对热交换器表面性能的影响[J].化学工程,2009,37(2): 51-53, 57.

[17] 程延海,邹勇,程林,等.磷含量对化学镀Ni-P层抗垢性能与抗蚀性能的影响[J].人工晶体学报,2008,37(5): 1210-1214.

[18] 程延海,张世举,彭玉兴,等.热交换器非晶镀层表面的污垢特性研究[J].工程热物理学报,2012,33(5): 828-830.

[19] 王跃峰,侯峰,徐宏,等.Ni-W-P镀层的防垢性能[J].化工进展,2011,30(11): 2558-2562.

[20] Al-Janabi A,Malayeri M R, Muller-Steinhagen H. Experimental fouling investigation with electroless Ni-P coatings [J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2010, 49: 1063-1071.

[21] AL-Janabi A, Malayeri M R, Muller-Steinhagen H.Minization of CaSO₄ deposition through surface modification[J]. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2011, 32(3-4): 291-299.

[22] Tian Xijie, Zou Yong, Cui Huanyong.A study of the anti-fouling property of the electroless Ni-P-Sn coating[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 538-541: 214-221.

[23] Zhao Q, Liu Y.Investigation of graded Ni-Cu-P-PTFE composite coatings with antiscaling properties [J].Applied Surface Science, 2004, 229: 56-62.

[24] 阎康平,陈匡民.Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀工艺及镀层性能研究[J].材料保护,1993,26(5): 16-18.

[25] 张庆乐,付传起,苏宝华,等.镀液活性剂和PTFE含量对Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层防垢性能的影响[J].表面技术,2014,43(1): 86-89.

[26] 何旭,付传起,杨萍,等.稀土铈对化学镀Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层防垢性能的影响[J].功能材料,2013,20(44): 2923-2926.

[27] Cheng Y H, Chen S S, Jen T C, et al.Effect of copper addition on the properties of electroless Ni-Cu-P coating on heat transfer surface[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2015, 9-12: 2209-2215.

[28] Zettler H U, Wei M, Zhao Q, et al.Influence of surface properties and characteristics on fouling in plate heat exchangers[J].Heat Transfer Engineering, 2005, 26(2): 3-17.

[29] 刘仙,班春燕.化学镀Ni-P合金工艺及镀层耐蚀性的研究[J].钢铁研究,2002,5: 35-38.

[30] 高进,孙金厂,崔明铎.Ni-P合金化学镀层非晶态合金的耐蚀性研究[J].表面技术,2001,30(5): 36-38.

[31] Zhao Q, Liu Y, Abel E W.Effect of Cu content in electroless Ni-Cu-P-PTFE composite coatings on their anti-corrosion properties[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2004, 87: 332-335.

[32] Zhao Q, Liu Y.Comparisons of corrosion rates of Ni-P based composite coatings in HCl and NaCl solutions[J].Corrosion Science, 2005, 47: 2807-2815.

[33] 马壮,王茺,李智超.铜含量对镁合金化学镀Ni-Cu-P镀层性能的研究[J].表面技术,2008,37(1): 34-36.

[34] 梁平,王运玲,史艳华.镍-铜-磷化学镀层状硫酸溶液中的腐蚀行为[J].电镀与涂饰,2012,31(10): 31-34.

[35] 张淑艳,胡三媛.化学复合镀Ni-P-PTFE工艺的试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(2): 70-73.

[36] Gu Changdong, Lian Jianshe, Li Guangyu, et al.High corrosion-resistant Ni-P/Ni/Ni-P multilayer coating on steel[J].Surface & Coatings Technology, 2005, 197: 61-67.

[37] 关凯书,史岩,张美华,等.稳定剂对镍磷化学镀层表面形貌及耐蚀性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,1999,23(5): 8-10.

[38] Zhao Q, Liu Y.Electroless Ni-Cu-P-PTFE composite coatings and their anticorrosion properties[J].Surface & Coating Technology, 2005, 200: 2510-2514.

[39] 何旭,付传起,王宙,等.稀土铈对化学镀复合镀Ni-P-PTFE镀层耐蚀性能的影响[J].表面技术,2013,42(2): 23-25.

[40] 张秀丽,谢生源.化学镀镍技术在凝汽器铜管上的应用[J]. 材料防护,2003,36(11): 53-54.

[41] 颜卫星.化学镀镍在电厂凝汽器上的应用初探[J].涂料涂装与电镀,2005,3(6): 35-37.

[42] 王文燕.凝汽器铜管Ni-P合金腐蚀对策研究[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2003,20(2): 17-19.