天然气水合物浆体流变性与安全流动边界研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2015.10.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水合物安全流动技术作为一种新型的天然气运输管理方法具有广阔的发展前景,本文在综述国内外天然气水合物安全流动研究的基础上,分析了管道流动天然气水合物生成机理、特点和对油气管道的不利影响以及现有水合物安全流动研究存在的问题,包括实验管道长度较短、着重流动规律的研究而缺乏对流动边界的拓展等。进而对国内外天然气水合物低剂量抑制剂(low dosage hydrate inhibitor,LDHI)在保障天然气水合物安全流动、拓展天然气水合物安全流动边界以及螺旋流携带研究进行了总结评述;随后提出了利用螺旋流悬浮输送技术保障天然气水合物安全流动、拓展流动边界的新型方法。结合实验结果分析表明:螺旋流动从宏观上改变水合物浆体流动特点、有效提高水合物浆液的输送浓度并可拓展水合物安全流动边界。

关键词: 天然气水合物, 流变性, 螺旋流, 安全流动

Abstract: The flow security technology based on hydrate, is a new method of natural gas transportation management, and has a broad development prospect. The gas hydrate formation mechanism, characteristics, adverse effect on oil and gas pipeline and existing problems(including the short experimental pipe, only research on the laws of the flow without flow boundary expansion etc.) of hydrate security flow were analyzed. The natural gas hydrate flow safety and natural gas hydrate safety flow boundary of low dosage hydrate inhibitor(LDHI)and the spiral flow carry technology were summarized. The new method to ensure the flow security of natural gas hydrate and expand flow boundary using spiral flow levitation conveying flow technology was put forward. The experiment results indicated that spiral flow can change the hydrate slurry flow characteristics, improve the concentration of hydrate slurry transportation effectively, and expand hydrate security flow boundary.

Key words: natural gas hydrate, rheological property, spiral flow, security flow

中图分类号:

TE88

饶永超, 王树立, 代文杰, 郑亚星, 刘朝阳, 姜英豪. 天然气水合物浆体流变性与安全流动边界研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2015, 34(10): 3551-3556.

RAO Yongchao, WANG Shuli, DAI Wenjie, ZHENG Yaxing, LIU Zhaoyang, JIANG Yinghao. Research progress on slurry rheological properties and security flow boundary of natural gas hydrate[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2015, 34(10): 3551-3556.

参考文献

[1] Sloan E D,Koh C A,Sum A K,et al. Natural Gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance[M]. Tokyo:Gulf Professional Publishing,2010.

[2] Kelland M A.History of the development of low dosage hydrate inhibitors[J]. Energy& Fuels,2006,20(3):825-847.

[3] Sloan E D. A changing hydrate paradigm-from apprehension to avoidance to risk management[J]. Fluid Phase Equilibria,2005,229:67-74.

[4] Lachance J W,Sloan E D. Determing gas hydrate kinetic inhibitor effectiveness using emulsions[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2009,64(1):180-184.

[5] Gudmundsson Jon Steinar. Cold flow hydrate technology[C]//The 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Yokohama Japan,2002.

[6] 孙长宇,陈光进,王文强. 管道中水合物阻聚评价实验研究[C]//第二届全国化学工程与生物化工年会,北京,2005.

[7] Sinquin A. Rheological and flow properties of gas hydrate suspensions[J]. Oil Gas Sci. Technol.,2004,59(1):41-57.

[8] Camargo. Rhaological properties of hydrate suspension in an asphaltenic crude oil[C]//4th Gas Hydrates Int. Conf.,2002.

[9] Doug Turner,Larry Talley. Hydrate inhibition via cold flow no chemicals or insulation[C]//The 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada,2008.

[10] Zerpa Luis E,Sloan E Dendy,Sum Amadeu K,et al. Overview of CSMHyK:A transient hydrate formation model[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2012,98-99:122-129.

[11] Sum Amadeu K,Koh Carolyn A,Sloan E Dendy. A comprehensive view of hydrates in flow assurance:Past,present,and future[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,2014.

[12] 宫敬,史博会,吕晓方,等. 多相混输管道水合物生成及其浆液输送[J]. 中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(5):163-167.

[13] 王武昌,陈鹏,李玉星,等. 天然气水合物浆在管道中的流动沉积特性[J]. 天然气工业,2014,34(2):99-104.

[14] 刘海红,李玉星,王武昌,等. 天然气水合物颗粒微观受力及聚集特性研究进展[J]. 化工进展,2013,32(8):1796-1800.

[15] Darbouret Myriam,Ba Hung Le,et al. Lab scale and pilot scale comparison of crystallization of hydrate slurries from a water-in-oil emulsion using chord length measurements[C]//The 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada,2008.

[16] Patrick Lafond G,Sloan E Dendy,Koh Carolyn A,et al. Modeling particle jamming as a hydrate plugging mechanism[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,2014.

[17] 吕晓方,史博会,王莹,等. 基于PVM的可视化水合物生成实验[J]. 实验室研究与探索,2014,33(11):6-9.

[18] Lingelem M N,Majeed A I. Hydrate formation and control in long distance submarine pipelines[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design,1992,70:38-42.

[19] Lingelem M N,Majeed A I,Stange E. Industrial experience in evaluation of hydrate formation,inhibition and dissociation in pipeline design and operation[C]//International Conference on Natural Gas Hydrates,Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1994.

[20] Sun C Y,Chen G J,Guo T M. A study on the kinetic behavior of R12 hydrate formation in a circulating flow system using laser light scattering technique[C]//The Fourth International Conferences on Gas Hydrates,Yokohama,2002.

[21] di Lorenzo Mauricio,Seo Yutaek,Soto Gerardo Sanchez. The CSIRO'S hydrates flow loop as a tool to investigate hydrate behaviour in gas dominant flows[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Edinburgh,2011.

[22] 王武昌,樊栓狮,梁德青,等. HCFC2141b水合物在管道中形成及堵塞实验研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报,2008,42(5):602-606.

[23] di Lorenzo Mauricio,Kozielski Karen. Flow loop investigation of hydrate formation and flow behaviour in under-inhibited conditions[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,2014.

[24] Grasso Giovanny A,Sloan E Dendy,Koh Carolyn A,et al. Investigation of hydrate deposition mechanisms on surfaces[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,2014.

[25] 饶永超,王树立,江光世,等. 水合物浆体流动规律研究进展[J]. 天然气化工,2012,37(4):68-73.

[26] 王武昌,李玉星,樊栓狮,等. 管道天然气水合物的风险管理抑制策略[J]. 天然气工业,2010,30(10):69-72.

[27] 陈光进,孙长宇,马庆兰. 气体水合物科学与技术[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2008.

[28] Panter J L,Ballard A L,Sum A K,et al. Hydrate plug dissociation via nitrogen purge:Experiments and modeling[J]. Energy & Fuels,2011,25:2572-2578.

[29] Kelland M A,Lversen J E. Kinetic hydrate inhibition at pressures up to 760 bar in deep water drilling fluids[J]. Energy and Fuels,2010,24(5):3003-3013.

[30] Kelland M A,Chua P C,Lunde A,et a1. Dual kinetic hydrate inhibition and scale inhibition by polyaspartamides[J]. Energy and Fuels,2011,25(11):5165-5172.

[31] Englezos P,Daraboina N,Ripmeester J,et al. Natural gas hydrate formation and decomposition in the presence of kinetic inhibitors3:Structural and compositional changes[J]. Energy and Fuels,2011,25(10):4398-4404.

[32] Kang Seong-Pil,Shin Ju-Young,Lim Jong-Se,et al. Experimental measurement of the induction time of natural gas hydrate and its prediction with polymeric kinetic inhibitor[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2014,116:817-823.

[33] 樊栓狮,王燕鸿,郎雪梅. 天然气水合物动力学抑制技术研究进展[J]. 天然气工业,2011,31(12):99-109.

[34] 唐翠萍,樊栓狮. 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮抑制水合物生成研究[J]. 天然气工业,2006,26(3):125-128.

[35] Makogon T Y,Sloan E D. Mechanism of kinetic inhibition[C]// Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Natural Gas Hydrate,Yokohama,2002.

[36] Kelland M A,Norland A K. Crystal growth inhibition of tetrahydrofuran hydrate with polyquaternary ammonium salts[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2012,69(1):483-491.

[37] Azarinezhad Roghieh,Chapoy Antonin,Anderson Ross,et al. Hydraflow:A novel approach in addressing flow assurance problems[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Vancouver,2008.

[38] Shi B H,Gong J,Sun C Y,et al. An inward and outward natural gas hydrates growth shell model considering intrinsic kinetics,mass and heat transfer[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,171:1308-1316.

[39] Peng B Z,Chen J,Sun C Y,et al. Flow characteristics and morphology of hydrate slurry formed from (natural gas+diesel oil/condensate oil+water) system containing anti-agglomerant[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2012,84:333-344.

[40] Wang Shuli,Rao Yongchao,Wu Yuxian,et al. Experimental research on gas-liquid two-phase spiral flow in the horizontal pipe[J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemical Technology,2012,14(3):24-32.

[41] 王树立,饶永超,武玉宪,等. 以纽带起旋的气液螺旋流实验研究[J]. 水动力学研究与进展,2013,28(1):105-110.

[42] 王树立,饶永超,张琳,等. 水平管内螺旋流流动特性研究现状与进展[J]. 太原理工大学学报,2013,44(2):233-235.

[43] 孙西欢. 水平轴圆管螺旋流水力特性及固粒悬浮机理试验研究[D]. 西安:西安理工大学,2000.

[44] 王树立. 气体水合物管道输送方法及设备:中国,201210458591.8[P]. 2012.

[45] 王树立,饶永超,周诗岽,等. 水合物法天然气管道输送的实验研究[J]. 天然气工业,2014,34(11):101-107.

[46] 李建敏,王树立,饶永超,等. 表面活性剂对气液两相螺旋管流流动特性的影响[J]. 水动力学研究与进展,2015,30(1):18-23.

[47] Rao Yongchao,Wang Shuli,Zhou Shidong,et al. Experimental research on velocity distribution and attenuation characteristic of spiral flow by LDV[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering,2014,136(1):0111041-0111049.

[48] 武玉宪. 管道螺旋流动强化天然气水合物生成技术研究[D]. 常州:常州大学,2011.

[49] 张琳. 管道螺旋流与表面活性剂复合法促进气体水合物生成技术研究[D]. 常州:常州大学,2014.