煤化工反渗透膜剖检与硅垢污染特征分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-2029

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 7290-7298.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-2029

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

煤化工反渗透膜剖检与硅垢污染特征分析

马瑞¹(), 叶飞², 赵晨光², 海玉琰¹, 文欣¹, 段亚威¹, 梁旭¹, 袁志丹³(), 熊日华¹^,⁴()

^1.北京低碳清洁能源研究院，北京 102211
^2.国能新疆化工有限公司，新疆乌鲁木齐 831404
^3.国能龙源环保有限公司，北京 100039
^4.煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室，北京 100011

收稿日期:2024-12-13 修回日期:2025-01-10 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2026-01-06
通讯作者: 袁志丹,熊日华
作者简介:马瑞（1987—），女，硕士，研究方向为膜改性与分离新技术。E-mail：rui.ma.ap@chnenergy.com.cn。
基金资助:
国家能源集团科技创新项目(S930023107)

Reverse osmosis membrane profiling and characterization of silica scale contamination for coal chemical industry wastewater

MA Rui¹(), YE Fei², ZHAO Chenguang², HAI Yuyan¹, WEN Xin¹, DUAN Yawei¹, LIANG Xu¹, YUAN Zhidan³(), XIONG Rihua¹^,⁴()

^1.National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy, Beijing 102211, China
^2.China Energy Xinjiang Chemical Industry Co. , Ltd. , Wulumuqi 831404, Xinjiang, China
^3.China Energy Longyuan Environmental Protection Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 100039, China
^4.State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, Beijing 100011, China

Received:2024-12-13 Revised:2025-01-10 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2026-01-06
Contact: YUAN Zhidan, XIONG Rihua

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

硅垢污染是煤化工废水反渗透系统中普遍存在的污染类型，并成为反渗透系统稳定高效运行的瓶颈问题。但目前对于硅垢污染的研究大部分停留在形成机理与影响因素阶段，缺乏对实际煤化工现场反渗透膜元件的剖检实践与污染物特征类型的案例分析研究。本文通过选取3个典型煤化工企业的反渗透膜元件进行剖检，采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能量色散射线光谱（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征对膜表面的污染类型进行特征分析。结果表明3种反渗透膜表面均存在大量的硅垢污染物，但硅垢形态及组成存在明显不同，其中A膜元件硅垢污染物形态主要为硅酸盐，C膜元件硅垢污染物形态主要为胶体硅，B膜元件两种形态的硅垢污染物均存在。并结合常规化学清洗分析对比了膜片清洗前后分离性能、膜面形貌和元素的变化，进一步证实了硅垢污染物的形态特征，该研究可为煤化工反渗透系统运行与清洗提供参考。

关键词: 膜, 二氧化硅, 污染, 反渗透, 膜清洗

Abstract:

Silica scale pollution is a common type of contamination and becomes a bottleneck issue of the stable and efficient operation in reverse osmosis (RO) systems for coal chemical wastewater treatment. But most research on silica scale pollution stays at the stage of formation mechanism and influencing factors at present, and there is a lack of case study research on the profiling and contaminant types characterization of RO membrane elements in actual coal chemical projects. This paper profiled the RO membrane elements from three typical coal chemical companies and analyzed the silica scale pollution by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As shown in the results, there were a large number of silica scale foulants in three kinds of RO membrane elements, but the morphology and composition of silica scale were obviously different. The silica scale foulants in A membrane element were mainly silicate, while those in C membrane element were mainly colloidal silicon, and both forms existed in B membrane element silica scale foulants. Combined with conventional chemical cleaning to analyze the separation performance, appearance and elemental distribution before and after cleaning, it was further confirmed the differences in the morphological characteristics of silica scale. This study can provide a reference for the operation and cleaning of RO system for coal chemical industry.

Key words: membranes, silica, pollution, reverse osmosis, membrane cleaning

中图分类号:

TQ09

马瑞, 叶飞, 赵晨光, 海玉琰, 文欣, 段亚威, 梁旭, 袁志丹, 熊日华. 煤化工反渗透膜剖检与硅垢污染特征分析[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(12): 7290-7298.

MA Rui, YE Fei, ZHAO Chenguang, HAI Yuyan, WEN Xin, DUAN Yawei, LIANG Xu, YUAN Zhidan, XIONG Rihua. Reverse osmosis membrane profiling and characterization of silica scale contamination for coal chemical industry wastewater[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(12): 7290-7298.

图/表 11

参考文献 29

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剖检部位	检查项目	状态
剖检部位	检查项目	A	B	C
外观	照片
	玻璃钢外壳	好	好	好
	外部胶带	好	好	好
	污染物颜色及状态	无	白色粉末状	无
端面	照片
	进水端面	浅黄色	黄褐色	黄褐色
	浓水端面	浅黄色	浅黄色	黄褐色
	密封圈	好	好	好
	污染物颜色	无	无	有，黄褐色
	碎片	无	无	有，浅黄色
产水中心管	进水连接处	好	好	好
	浓水连接处	好	好	好
	O形圈是否磨损	否	否	否
膜面	照片
膜面	污染物颜色及状态	白色粉末状	白色颗粒状	黄褐色颗粒状

剖检部位	检查项目	状态
剖检部位	检查项目	A	B	C
外观	照片
	玻璃钢外壳	好	好	好
	外部胶带	好	好	好
	污染物颜色及状态	无	白色粉末状	无
端面	照片
	进水端面	浅黄色	黄褐色	黄褐色
	浓水端面	浅黄色	浅黄色	黄褐色
	密封圈	好	好	好
	污染物颜色	无	无	有，黄褐色
	碎片	无	无	有，浅黄色
产水中心管	进水连接处	好	好	好
	浓水连接处	好	好	好
	O形圈是否磨损	否	否	否
膜面	照片
膜面	污染物颜色及状态	白色粉末状	白色颗粒状	黄褐色颗粒状

元素	A		B		C
元素	质量分数/%	原子分数/%	质量分数/%	原子分数/%	质量分数/%	原子分数/%
C	25.79	35.62	6.33	10.17	6.65	10.45
O	46.60	48.32	47.28	56.96	52.65	62.14
Na	1.11	0.80	1.46	1.22	1.48	1.22
Mg	0.43	0.29	—	—	0.36	0.28
Al	5.05	3.10	4.77	3.41	—	—
Si	16.75	9.89	29.66	20.42	37.87	25.46
S	1.94	1.00	0.35	0.21	—	—
Cl	—	—	—	—	0.57	0.31
Ca	1.92	0.79	5.88	2.83	—	—
K	0.43	0.18	0.85	0.42	—	—
F	—	—	3.08	3.12	—	—

元素	A		B		C
元素	质量分数/%	原子分数/%	质量分数/%	原子分数/%	质量分数/%	原子分数/%
C	25.79	35.62	6.33	10.17	6.65	10.45
O	46.60	48.32	47.28	56.96	52.65	62.14
Na	1.11	0.80	1.46	1.22	1.48	1.22
Mg	0.43	0.29	—	—	0.36	0.28
Al	5.05	3.10	4.77	3.41	—	—
Si	16.75	9.89	29.66	20.42	37.87	25.46
S	1.94	1.00	0.35	0.21	—	—
Cl	—	—	—	—	0.57	0.31
Ca	1.92	0.79	5.88	2.83	—	—
K	0.43	0.18	0.85	0.42	—	—
F	—	—	3.08	3.12	—	—

序号	元素	质量分数/%
序号	元素	A	B	C
1	Al	6.86	5.24	0.52
2	C	21.55	27.31	18.22
3	Cl	0.09	0.35	0.64
4	N	1.76	2.65	1.45
5	O	52.19	47.86	53.29
6	S	0.34	0.27	1.00
7	Si	17.19	16.32	24.88

煤化工反渗透膜剖检与硅垢污染特征分析

Reverse osmosis membrane profiling and characterization of silica scale contamination for coal chemical industry wastewater

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元素	A		B		C
元素	质量分数/%	原子分数/%	质量分数/%	原子分数/%	质量分数/%	原子分数/%
C	78.46	85.26	53.84	64.73	8.52	13.02
O	14.60	11.91	30.54	27.56	55.09	63.20
Na	—	—	0.24	0.15	—	—
Si	—	—	10.00	5.14	36.39	23.78
S	6.94	2.83	5.17	2.33	—	—
Cl	—	—	0.22	0.09	—	—

元素	A		B		C
元素	质量分数/%	原子分数/%	质量分数/%	原子分数/%	质量分数/%	原子分数/%
C	78.46	85.26	53.84	64.73	8.52	13.02
O	14.60	11.91	30.54	27.56	55.09	63.20
Na	—	—	0.24	0.15	—	—
Si	—	—	10.00	5.14	36.39	23.78
S	6.94	2.83	5.17	2.33	—	—
Cl	—	—	0.22	0.09	—	—