车用燃料电池质子交换膜气体渗透率的理论计算和实验

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1250

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究质子交换膜燃料电池中气体渗透的规律，本文通过理论计算和实验验证相结合的方法，探讨了温度、湿度以及膜厚度对H₂、O₂、N₂渗透性的影响。实验结果表明，随着相对湿度和温度的增加，不同厚度膜的气体渗透性都会增加，H₂、O₂、N₂三种气体在MX20和M740两种膜的渗透率比例约为5∶2∶1。此外，膜厚度的增加也会显著降低气体的渗透性，膜的厚度从10μm增加到18μm时，H₂、O₂、N₂三种气体的渗透率分别下降了20.6%、22.1%、21.8%。该研究有助于更好地理解质子交换膜燃料电池中气体渗透的机理，为优化膜材料的设计提供参考依据。

关键词: 质子交换膜, 气体渗透率, 理论计算, 湿度, 温度

Abstract:

For investigating the laws of gas permeation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the effects of temperature, humidity and membrane thickness on the permeability of H₂, O₂ and N₂ were investigated by a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental verification. The results showed that the gas permeability of different thicknesses of membranes increased with the increase of relative humidity and temperature, and the ratio of the permeability of H₂, O₂ and N₂ gases in the two types of membranes, MX20 and M740, was about 5∶2∶1. In addition, the increase of membrane thickness also significantly reduced the permeability of gases. The permeability of three gases, H₂, O₂ and N₂, decreased by 20.6%, 22.1% and 21.8%, respectively, when the thickness of the membrane was increased from 10μm to 18μm. These studies contributed to a clearer understanding of the mechanism of gas permeation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells and provided a reference basis for optimizing the design of membrane materials.

Key words: proton exchange membrane, gas permeability, theoretical calculation, humidity, temperature

中图分类号:

TM911.4

王晋, 贺晓蕊, 江壮壮, 冯勇, 刘城, 沈星汉. 车用燃料电池质子交换膜气体渗透率的理论计算和实验[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(9): 5202-5210.

WANG Jin, HE Xiaorui, JIANG Zhuangzhuang, FENG Yong, LIU Cheng, SHEN Xinghan. Theoretical calculations and experiments on gas permeability of proton exchange membranes for automotive fuel cells[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(9): 5202-5210.

图/表 9

图1 质子交换膜燃料电池气体渗透示意图

表1 方程(4)的最佳拟合参数[16]

气体	k_dry/mol∙cm∙cm²∙s^-1∙kPa	Ae_dry/kJ∙mol^-1	k_wet/mol∙cm∙cm²∙s^-1∙kPa	Ae_wet/kJ∙mol^-1	H₂O中溶解度（25℃）/mol∙L^-1
N₂	0.344×10^-10	20.43	4.10×10^-10	21.93	6.1×10^-10
O₂	0.674×10^-10	21.28	5.05×10^-10	20.47	12.5×10^-10
H₂	1.57×10^-10	20.28	4.50×10^-10	18.93	7.8×10^-10

图2 气体渗透系数测试装置

图3 测试原理示意图

图4 温度和湿度对MX20膜（10μm）的H2、O2、N2渗透性的影响

图5 相对湿度和温度对M740膜（18μm）的H2、O2、N2渗透性的影响

图6 MX20膜H2、O2、N2的理论计算和实测透气性数据拟合对比结果

图7 M740膜H2、O2、N2的理论计算和实测透气性数据拟合对比结果

图8 实际测试气体透气率和理论计算气体透气率线性拟合结果

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