电合成碳酸二甲酯的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1170

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳酸二甲酯作为一种环保型化工产品，具备广泛的应用前景。而电化学合成碳酸二甲酯作为一种绿色、可持续的制备技术，具备反应体系简洁、高效、易于控制等优势，这是未来工业化生产所追求的目标。本文首先介绍了碳酸二甲酯的性质、应用领域、传统合成方法，简述了电化学合成的优点。其次，对国内外电合成碳酸二甲酯的研究进展进行了综述。尽管电合成碳酸二甲酯的研究取得了一些成果，但仍面临诸多挑战，如合成过程不够绿色、产率及选择性尚未达到理想状态、未实现产业化等。最后，对电合成碳酸二甲酯可能的研究方向进行了展望，包括电极材料、电解质、电化学池、反应条件等。

关键词: 电合成, 碳酸二甲酯, 二氧化碳, 电催化

Abstract:

As an environment-friendly chemical material, dimethyl carbonate has a wide range of application prospects. The electrochemical synthesis of dimethyl carbonate, as a green and sustainable preparation technology, has many advantages, such as simple, efficient and easy-to-control, which is the goal pursued by the industrial production in the future. In this review, first of all, the nature of dimethyl carbonate, its application areas, traditional synthesis methods and advantages of electrochemical synthesis were introduced. Secondly, the research progress on the electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate at home and abroad was reviewed. Although some remarkable results were achieved in the research on the electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate, there were still many challenges, such as the lack of green credentials in the synthesis process, unsatisfactory yields and selectivities and the absence of industrial-scale implementation. Finaly, the possible aspects of improving the electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate, including electrode materials, electrolyte, electrolysis equipment, reaction conditions, etc., were proposed for the green development of the electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate.

Key words: electrosynthesis, dimethyl carbonate, carbon dioxide, electrocatalysis

中图分类号:

O643.3

吴子锋, 王红娟, 王浩帆, 曹永海, 余皓, 彭峰. 电合成碳酸二甲酯的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(9): 5033-5042.

WU Zifeng, WANG Hongjuan, WANG Haofan, CAO Yonghai, YU Hao, PENG Feng. Progress on electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(9): 5033-5042.

图/表 11

图1 DMC的分子结构

图2 DMC的消费占比

图3 DMC的传统合成方法

图4 卤化物存在下DMC间接电合成反应机理

图5 金属媒介存在下DMC间接电合成反应机理

图6 TEABr电解质-乙腈中DMC电合成的反应机理

图7 碱性助剂中DMC电合成机理

图8 BmimBr电解质-环氧丙烷（PO）中DMC电合成机理

图9 无任何额外添加的DMC电合成反应机理[49]

图10 电合成DMC的反应装置

图11 氧化还原中性体系电合成DMC

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