制药废盐的高效热催化处理及资源化利用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1121

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

制药废盐母液中含有高浓度、难降解有机污染物，被列为危险废物，处理不当会对环境造成严重危害。本研究开发了一种高效、低成本的制药废盐资源化处理技术，采用水热氧化法，结合自制的金属盐碳化结晶剂，对江苏某制药厂的高浓度乙酸钠废盐母液进行热催化处理，探究了反应温度、时间和催化剂投加量对母液中有机物去除率及乙酸钠保留率的影响。结果表明，在210℃、6h、催化剂投加量为5g/50mL的最佳条件下，母液中有机物去除率高达93.5%，同时乙酸钠保留率为95.8%。经傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）、气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC-MS）等分析表明，热催化处理后，母液中的吡啶类等有毒有害有机污染物被有效去除，所得乙酸钠回收盐的色度、化学需氧量（COD）、重金属等指标均达到企业回用标准。本研究提出的热催化处理技术可有效降低制药废盐的环境风险，并实现资源化利用，为制药行业的可持续发展提供新思路。

关键词: 制药废盐, 热催化, 资源回收, 废物处理, 可持续性

Abstract:

Pharmaceutical salt waste liquor contains high concentrations of recalcitrant organic pollutants, posing significant environmental risks if mismanaged. This study employed hydrothermal oxidation combined with a custom-synthesized metal salt carbonization crystallization catalyst to remediate concentrated sodium acetate waste liquor from a pharmaceutical plant in Jiangsu, China. The effects of reaction temperature, time and catalyst dosage on organic matter removal and sodium acetate retention were evaluated. Under optimal conditions (210℃, 6h, 5g/50mL), a remarkable organic matter removal rate of 93.5% with maintaining a high sodium acetate retention rate of 95.8% was achieved. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses confirmed that the treatment effectively removed toxic and refractory organic contaminants. The recovered sodium acetate salt met industrial reuse standards for chromaticity, COD and heavy metal content. This study demonstrated the potential of thermocatalytic treatment as a sustainable solution for mitigating the environmental hazards of pharmaceutical salt waste, enabling resource recovery and promoting sustainable development within the pharmaceutical industry.

Key words: pharmaceutical waste salt, thermocatalytic, recovery, waste treatment, sustainability

中图分类号:

X787

鲁玲, 俞磊, 顾霞, 赖敏明, 周凯, 王亚鹏, 李响. 制药废盐的高效热催化处理及资源化利用[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(9): 5432-5441.

LU Ling, YU Lei, GU Xia, LAI Minming, ZHOU Kai, WANG Yapeng, LI Xiang. Efficient thermocatalytic and resource utilization of pharmaceutical waste salt[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(9): 5432-5441.

图/表 15

表1 高盐母液基本性质

项目	COD/g·L^-1		溶解氧（DO）/mg·L^-1	SS值/g·L^-1	氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）/mg·L^-1	pH	色度
数值	301		2.36	0.79	249	8.17	30000~32000

表2 高盐母液金属含量

项目	Al³⁺/mg·L^-1	Ca²⁺/mg·L^-1	Fe²⁺/mg·L^-1	Na⁺/g·L^-1	Mg²⁺/mg·L^-1	K⁺/mg·L^-1	Mn²⁺/mg·L^-1	Zn²⁺/mg·L^-1
数值	7.895	47.185	2.685	81.879	86.825	177.995	≤0.001	1.01

图1 原始高盐母液GC-MS图谱

图2 不同热催化反应条件对高盐母液中有机物去除性能的影响

图3 热催化反应前后高盐母液金属含量分析

图4 热催化反应前后高盐母液FTIR图谱

图5 热催化反应后高盐母液GC-MS图谱

图6 高盐母液热催化反应前后有机物组成

图7 高盐母液热催化反应过程中气体产物组成

图8 热催化反应前后催化剂SEM图像

图9 热催化反应前后催化剂热重曲线

图10 再生催化剂脱色效果

图11 热催化前后结晶盐表观对比

图12 热催化前后结晶盐有机物含量对比

图13 制药厂高盐母液热催化工艺物料衡算

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