电解法制备次氯酸钠用电极材料的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0627

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

次氯酸钠（NaClO）作为一种高效廉价的消毒剂而被广泛使用。电解法是制备NaClO的便捷、有效方法，其中电极是NaClO发生器的核心部件，决定设备的析氯效率、电能消耗和工作寿命。目前，混合金属氧化物涂层钛电极（Ti/MMO）因具备优异的电催化活性、较长的工作寿命、较低的电耗等特点，已成为该类电极材料研究的热点，但由于使用了贵金属材料，制作成本仍处于高位。本文总结归纳了多种用于电解法制备NaClO的电极材料组成、性能及其发展趋势，分析了早期的尺寸稳定阳极（DSA）钝化的原因，重点讨论了电极制备工艺优化的三种途径；结合当前研究中存在的问题，展望了电极材料的发展方向，其中，涂层中金属元素的合理选择及其多元化、通过阳极原位氧化引入二氧化钛纳米管阵列（TNT）中间层以及结合水热合成法制备电极是工艺优化的关键。

关键词: 次氯酸钠, 电解法, 电极, 析氯性能, 制备工艺

Abstract:

Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is widely used as an efficient and inexpensive disinfectant. Electrolysis is a convenient and effective way to produce NaClO with electrodes being the core component of a NaClO generator. These electrodes determine the device's chlorine evolution efficiency, energy consumption and service life. Currently, titanium electrodes coated with mixed metal oxides (Ti/MMO) have become a research focus due to their excellent electrocatalytic activity, long service life and low energy consumption. However, the production cost remains high due to the use of precious metal materials. This paper summarized various electrode materials used for the electrolytic production of NaClO, their composition, performance and development trends. It analyzed the reasons for the passivation of early dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) and focused on three approaches for optimizing electrode preparation processes. Considering current research challenges, the paper anticipated the future development directions of electrode materials, highlighting the rational selection and diversification of metal elements in coatings, the introduction of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNT) intermediate layers viain-situ anodic oxidation, and the combination of hydrothermal synthesis method for electrode preparation as key aspects of process optimization.

Key words: sodium hypochlorite, electrolysis, electrode, chlorine evolution performance, preparation technology

中图分类号:

TQ151.2⁺2

王浩, 李新杰. 电解法制备次氯酸钠用电极材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(4): 2172-2182.

WANG Hao, LI Xinjie. Research progress on electrode materials for the preparation of sodium hypochlorite by electrolysis[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(4): 2172-2182.

图/表 7

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阳极材料	电流效率/%	寿命	成本
石墨	59.77^[18]	1~2月^[7]	低
Pt	70^[15]	NM	很高
Ti/Pt	67.9^[22]	2年^[22]	高
Ti/Pt-Ir	84.6^[22]	3年^[22]	高
Ti/PbO₂	68^[28]	5~8月^[29-30]	较低
Ti/RuTiO _x	87^[37]	2~3月^[39]	中
Ti/RuIrTiO _x	90^[47]	2~3年^[39,46]	较高
Ti/RuIrSnTiO _x	90.67^[36]	>2年^[36]	较高
Ti/RuSnSbO _x	89.32^[56]	<1年^[56-57]	中
Ti/RuIrSnSbO _x	91.55^[56]	>2年^[56-57]	较高
Ti/RuMnTiO _x	84^[58]	>1年^[58]	中
Ti/RuIrSnCoTiO _x	NM	3~5年^[24]	较高
Ti/RuIrSnMnTiO _x	NM	5年^[78]	较高
Ti/TNTs/RuTiO _x	NM	4~5月^[57,63]	中
Ti/TNTs/RuIrTaO _x	90^[64]	1年^[57,64]	较高

阳极材料	电流效率/%	寿命	成本
石墨	59.77^[18]	1~2月^[7]	低
Pt	70^[15]	NM	很高
Ti/Pt	67.9^[22]	2年^[22]	高
Ti/Pt-Ir	84.6^[22]	3年^[22]	高
Ti/PbO₂	68^[28]	5~8月^[29-30]	较低
Ti/RuTiO _x	87^[37]	2~3月^[39]	中
Ti/RuIrTiO _x	90^[47]	2~3年^[39,46]	较高
Ti/RuIrSnTiO _x	90.67^[36]	>2年^[36]	较高
Ti/RuSnSbO _x	89.32^[56]	<1年^[56-57]	中
Ti/RuIrSnSbO _x	91.55^[56]	>2年^[56-57]	较高
Ti/RuMnTiO _x	84^[58]	>1年^[58]	中
Ti/RuIrSnCoTiO _x	NM	3~5年^[24]	较高
Ti/RuIrSnMnTiO _x	NM	5年^[78]	较高
Ti/TNTs/RuTiO _x	NM	4~5月^[57,63]	中
Ti/TNTs/RuIrTaO _x	90^[64]	1年^[57,64]	较高

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