竖直铯热管传热特性的实验和数值模拟

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0622

化工进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 1711-1719.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0622

• 化工过程与装备 • 上一篇

竖直铯热管传热特性的实验和数值模拟

赵吉隆¹^,²(), 郭宇翔¹^,², 陈宏霞¹^,²(), 袁达忠³^,⁴, 杜小泽¹^,²

^1.华北电力大学电站能量传递转化与系统教育部重点实验室，北京 102206
^2.华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206
^3.中国科学院工程热物理研究所，北京 100190
^4.中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2023-04-18 修回日期:2023-06-14 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2024-05-13
通讯作者: 陈宏霞
作者简介:赵吉隆（2000—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为中高温热管技术。E-mail：18932270323@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52176152);北京市自然科学基金(3222046);国家自然科学基金创新群体项目(51821004)

Experimental and numerical simulation on heat transfer characteristics of vertical cesium heat pipes

ZHAO Jilong¹^,²(), GUO Yuxiang¹^,², CHEN Hongxia¹^,²(), YUAN Dazhong³^,⁴, DU Xiaoze¹^,²

^1.Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
^2.Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering Department, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
^3.Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2023-04-18 Revised:2023-06-14 Online:2024-04-15 Published:2024-05-13
Contact: CHEN Hongxia

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，有关中温铯热管的研究较少，主要因为铯热管造价昂贵且铯金属化学性质活泼，开展实验难度较大，因此通过数值模拟方法对铯热管启动特性与内部相变等过程进行分析预测具有重要意义。首先，本文开展铯热管冷启动实验，并基于目前的热管模拟模型，利用UDF建立蒸发与冷凝的自适应模型，对比实验热管稳态壁温与数值模拟计算壁温，最大温差小于20K，且较好地呈现了热管末端的温度突降，证明了模型的准确性。其次，基于竖直铯热管变功率冷态启动实验，模拟获得铯热管启动过程中热管壁面温度及内部工质相态分布的演变过程；并利用壁面温度的平均差数值评价有效长度上的均温性。最后，通过模拟研究改变热管蒸发段长度（200mm和120mm）、加热功率（1028.2W和844.4W）及充液率（8.8%、12%和15%），对比分析其相态分布、温度分布及压力分布；综合热管有效工作长度、壁面均温性、蒸发段液相堆积与干烧现象，分析蒸发段长度与充液率的最佳配比，为热管的优化设计提供基础。

关键词: 传热, 多相流, 数值模拟, 热管, 相分布, 均温性

Abstract:

Medium-temperature cesium heat pipes’ expensive cost and the active chemical properties of cesium medium, lead to a big difficulty for experimental study. Thus, it is of great significance to analyze and predict the start-up characteristics and internal phase-change heat transfer of the cesium heat pipe by numerical simulation. Firstly, the frozen start-up experiment of a vertical cesium heat pipe was carried out, and based on current heat pipe simulation models, an adaptive model with consideration of the linkage of evaporator and condenser was established by UDF. As proved, the maximum temperature difference of the heat pipe wall between the experimental and the numerical simulation result was less than 20K, and the sudden temperature drop at the end of the condenser was present realistically, which proved the accuracy of the model. Secondly, based on the frozen start-up experiment of a vertical cesium heat pipe with variable heating power, the evolution of wall temperature and internal phase distribution of the heat pipe during the start-up process was simulated, and the average difference of wall temperature was used to evaluate the temperature uniformity over the effective length. At last, with various evaporator lengths (200mm and 120mm), heating powers (1028.2W and 844.4W) and filling ratios (8.8%, 12% and 15%), the phase distribution, temperature distribution and pressure distribution were compared and analyzed in simulation. The optimum matching condition of the evaporator length and the filling ratio was obtained by considering of the effective working length, temperature uniformity, condensate stacking and dry-out phenomena in the evaporator. The content had great potential significance for the optimal design of heat pipes.

Key words: heat transfer, multiphase flow, numerical simulation, heat pipe, phase distribution, temperature uniformity

中图分类号:

TK172.4

赵吉隆, 郭宇翔, 陈宏霞, 袁达忠, 杜小泽. 竖直铯热管传热特性的实验和数值模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(4): 1711-1719.

ZHAO Jilong, GUO Yuxiang, CHEN Hongxia, YUAN Dazhong, DU Xiaoze. Experimental and numerical simulation on heat transfer characteristics of vertical cesium heat pipes[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(4): 1711-1719.

图/表 8

图1 铯热管系统实验装置图

图2 基于沿程壁温的模型验证

图3 变加热功率冷态启动过程中热管壁面温度演变

图4 变加热功率冷态启动达到稳定后均温性对比

图5 不同加热功率下壁面温度的标准差

图6 初始到半稳态过程中气液相分布及温度分布演变过程

图7 不同充液率下热管内气液两相分布、液相体积分数、压力分布、壁温分布（蒸发段200mm）

图8 不同充液率下热管内气液两相分布、液相体积分数、压力分布、壁温分布图（蒸发段120mm）

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竖直铯热管传热特性的实验和数值模拟

Experimental and numerical simulation on heat transfer characteristics of vertical cesium heat pipes

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