PBS前体1,4-丁二醇合成的反应工艺和催化剂研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）被公认为是可完全生物降解的可降解塑料，在应用方面具有替代现有普通难降解塑料的潜力，但近年其合成原料，尤其是1,4-丁二醇（BDO）价格不断上升，导致PBS成本不断增加。为了更好地了解和掌握BDO合成的工艺过程、现状、存在问题和最新的发展方向，本文首先简单总结了过往基于化石基方法合成BDO的不同工艺路线，并详细阐述了Cu、Ni、Pd、Pt和Rh基催化剂化石路线合成BDO过程的进展；然后介绍了基于生物路线合成BDO的最新进展，主要着眼于不同生物质基原料（如丁二酸、糠醛/呋喃、1,4-脱水赤藓糖醇和其他糖类等）合成BDO的方法；随后简单地描述了生物质合成BDO生命周期评估以及资本和运营成本，并对化石基和生物基合成BDO做了简要的对比，最后总结和展望了BDO合成中存在的问题和发展方向，即如何开发低能耗和高效催化剂将分别成为化石基和生物基合成BDO的重点所在。

关键词: 1,4-丁二醇, 加氢, 催化剂, 聚丁二酸丁二醇酯, 生物质, 生物催化

Abstract:

As a fully biodegradable plastic, polybutylene succinate (PBS) is considered to be a potential degradable material to replace ordinary plastics. However, the cost of PBS is continuously rising because the price of its raw materials, especially 1,4-butanediol (BDO), is going up. In order to thoroughly understand the process, current situation, existing problems and latest development of BDO synthesis, different fossil-based BDO synthesis routes were reviewed, and the progress of Cu-, Ni-, Pd-, Pt- and Rh-based catalysts used were described. Subsequently, the latest development of the BDO synthesis derived from biomass such as succinic acid, furfural/furan, 1,4-anhydroerythritol and sugars were elaborated. Then the life cycle assessment, capital and operating costs of biomass derived BDO synthesis were briefly described. The comparison of BDO synthesis between bio- and fossil routes was given. Finally, the existing problems and development direction of BDO synthesis were outlined and expected. The key for synthesis BDO is to develop the low energy consumption and high efficiency catalysts for both the fossil- and bio-route in the future.

Key words: 1,4-butanediol, hydrogenation, catalyst, polybutylene succinate, biomass, biocatalysis

中图分类号:

TQ032

李庆远, 王超, 许世佩, 张雪琴, 邱明建, 刘梦瑶, 丛梦晓. PBS前体1,4-丁二醇合成的反应工艺和催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(11): 5771-5782.

LI Qingyuan, WANG Chao, XU Shipei, ZHANG Xueqin, QIU Mingjian, LIU Mengyao, CONG Mengxiao. Research progress on reaction process and catalysts for PBS precursor of 1,4-butanediol synthesis[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(11): 5771-5782.

图/表 12

参考文献 72

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项目	化石基路线	生物基路线
反应原料	来源于煤、石油、天然气等不可再生资源，部分原料在运输和储存方面具有一定的危险（如乙炔等）	来源于生物质可再生资源，原料相对较为安全
工艺过程	反应条件较为苛刻，通常需要较高的温度和压力，反应能耗较高，工艺较为成熟，工业化装置运行以此为主	反应条件较为温和，处于起步期，大多数工艺都处于研究阶段，工业化运行装置较少
设备装置	需耐高温高压，部分反应过程对设备腐蚀较大，设备造价相对较高	大都为常压设备，无腐蚀现象，造价相对较低
反应产物	反应的转化率和产物的选择性相对较高	反应的转化率和产物的选择性相对较低

项目	化石基路线	生物基路线
反应原料	来源于煤、石油、天然气等不可再生资源，部分原料在运输和储存方面具有一定的危险（如乙炔等）	来源于生物质可再生资源，原料相对较为安全
工艺过程	反应条件较为苛刻，通常需要较高的温度和压力，反应能耗较高，工艺较为成熟，工业化装置运行以此为主	反应条件较为温和，处于起步期，大多数工艺都处于研究阶段，工业化运行装置较少
设备装置	需耐高温高压，部分反应过程对设备腐蚀较大，设备造价相对较高	大都为常压设备，无腐蚀现象，造价相对较低
反应产物	反应的转化率和产物的选择性相对较高	反应的转化率和产物的选择性相对较低

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