微波加热用透波材料的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0142

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 253-263.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0142

微波加热用透波材料的研究进展

白永珍¹(), 尚小标¹^,²^,³(), 刘美红¹, 魏聪¹, 张富程¹, 肖利平¹, 李广超¹, 陈君若⁴

^1.昆明理工大学机电工程学院，云南昆明 650500
^2.非常规冶金教育部重点实验室，云南昆明 650093
^3.微波能工程应用及装备技术国家地方联合工程实验室，云南昆明 650093
^4.昆明理工大学城市学院，云南昆明 650051

收稿日期:2021-01-20 修回日期:2021-03-24 出版日期:2022-01-05 发布日期:2022-01-24
通讯作者: 尚小标
作者简介:白永珍（1994—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为微波能工程应用技术。E-mail：zhen_159357@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51764052);云南省科技厅重大专项(2018ZE008);云南省人才培养项目(KKSY201601045)

Research progress of wave-transmitting materials for microwave heating

BAI Yongzhen¹(), SHANG Xiaobiao¹^,²^,³(), LIU Meihong¹, WEI Cong¹, ZHANG Fucheng¹, XIAO Liping¹, LI Guangchao¹, CHEN Junruo⁴

^1.Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy of Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
^3.National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
^4.City College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China

Received:2021-01-20 Revised:2021-03-24 Online:2022-01-05 Published:2022-01-24
Contact: SHANG Xiaobiao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微波加热技术因其绿色环保、体积加热、选择性加热等优势，已被广泛应用于化工强化、金属冶炼、陶瓷烧结、食品加工等众多领域，但微波在反应器内普遍存在透波效果差、微波利用率低等问题。随着微波加热技术的不断发展，微波加热设备中透波材料的选用越来越受到大家的关注。本文主要针对透波材料在微波加热领域中的应用现状进行综述，对透波材料的种类进行简要介绍，分别从微波加热用容器和保温材料两方面进行论述。详细介绍了氧化物、氮化物、硅酸盐、磷酸盐等高温透波材料及聚四氟乙烯、玻纤增强树脂基、环氧树脂等中、低温透波材料的研究进展，并具体论述了目前微波加热常用纤维棉、纤维毯和纤维板等各种陶瓷纤维制品的介电特性和透波性能，最后指出了目前微波加热用透波材料普遍存在的问题，并对透波材料的应用和发展作出了展望。

关键词: 微波加热, 透波材料, 容器, 隔热耐火材料

Abstract:

Microwave heating technology has been widely used in many fields, such as chemical strengthening, metal smelting, ceramic sintering, food processing and so on, because of its advantages of green environmental protection, volume heating and selective heating. However, there are many problems in microwave reactor, such as poor transmission effect and low utilization rate of microwave. With the continuous development of microwave heating technology, more and more attention has been paid to the selection of wave-transmitting materials in microwave heating equipment. This research mainly reviewes the application status of wave-transmitting materials in the field of microwave heating. The types of wave-transmitting materials are briefly introduced, and the microwave heating containers and thermal insulation materials are discussed. The research progress of high-temperature wave-transmitting materials such as oxides, nitrides, silicates and phosphates, and medium and low-temperature wave-transmitting materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, glass fiber reinforced resin base and epoxy resin are introduced in detail. It also specifically discusses the dielectric properties and wave-transmitting properties of various ceramic fiber products such as fiber cotton, fiber blankets and fiberboards commonly used in microwave heating. Finally, this article points out the current common problems of wave-transmitting materials for microwave heating, and prospected the application and development of wave-transmitting materials.

Key words: microwave heating, ware-transmitting material, container, insulation refractory

中图分类号:

TB35

白永珍, 尚小标, 刘美红, 魏聪, 张富程, 肖利平, 李广超, 陈君若. 微波加热用透波材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(1): 253-263.

BAI Yongzhen, SHANG Xiaobiao, LIU Meihong, WEI Cong, ZHANG Fucheng, XIAO Liping, LI Guangchao, CHEN Junruo. Research progress of wave-transmitting materials for microwave heating[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(1): 253-263.

图/表 8

图1 微波加热装置示意图

表1 几种常见材料的介电特性

材料	频率	温度	介电参数	数值
氧化铝	2450MHz	22℃≤T≤1379℃	$ε r'$	8.9~11.77
氧化铝	2450MHz	22℃≤T≤1379℃	$ε r ″$	0.004~0.0476
莫来石	915MHz	400℃≤T≤1300℃	$ε r'$	3×10^-9T³-4×10^-6T²+0.0032T+4.4869
	915MHz	400℃≤T≤1300℃	$ε r ″$	9×10^-7T²-0.0002T-0.0268
	2450MHz	27℃≤T≤1027℃	$ε r'$	2.119×10^-6T²-0.00037T+6.1438
	2450MHz	27℃≤T≤1027℃	$ε r ″$	1.7052×10^-9T³-1.4616×10^-6T²+0.000559T+0.02279
熔融石英	915MHz	25℃≤T≤1400℃	$ε r'$	3.816~3.988
	915MHz	25℃≤T≤1400℃	tanδ	4.98×10^-6~8.39×10^-6
	2360MHz	25℃≤T≤800℃	$ε r'$	3.820~3.892
	2360MHz	25℃≤T≤800℃	tanδ	4.97×10^-6~5.85×10^-6
硅酸铝纤维板^［13］	2422MHz	20℃≤T≤1300℃	$ε r'$	2×10^-10T³-6×10^-8T²-0.0003T+1.2671
硅酸铝纤维板^［13］	2422MHz	20℃≤T≤1300℃	$ε r ″$	2×10^-11T³-8×10^-9T²-9×10^-6T+0.0027
氧化锆纤维板^［13］	2422MHz	20℃≤T≤1400℃	$ε r'$	6×10^-10T³-9×10^-7T²-0.0003T+2.5433
氧化锆纤维板^［13］	2422MHz	20℃≤T≤1400℃	$ε r ″$	3×10^-9T³-5×10^-7T²-0.0003T+0.0438

表1 几种常见材料的介电特性

材料	频率	温度	介电参数	数值
氧化铝	2450MHz	22℃≤T≤1379℃	$ε r'$	8.9~11.77
氧化铝	2450MHz	22℃≤T≤1379℃	$ε r ″$	0.004~0.0476
莫来石	915MHz	400℃≤T≤1300℃	$ε r'$	3×10^-9T³-4×10^-6T²+0.0032T+4.4869
	915MHz	400℃≤T≤1300℃	$ε r ″$	9×10^-7T²-0.0002T-0.0268
	2450MHz	27℃≤T≤1027℃	$ε r'$	2.119×10^-6T²-0.00037T+6.1438
	2450MHz	27℃≤T≤1027℃	$ε r ″$	1.7052×10^-9T³-1.4616×10^-6T²+0.000559T+0.02279
熔融石英	915MHz	25℃≤T≤1400℃	$ε r'$	3.816~3.988
	915MHz	25℃≤T≤1400℃	tanδ	4.98×10^-6~8.39×10^-6
	2360MHz	25℃≤T≤800℃	$ε r'$	3.820~3.892
	2360MHz	25℃≤T≤800℃	tanδ	4.97×10^-6~5.85×10^-6
硅酸铝纤维板^［13］	2422MHz	20℃≤T≤1300℃	$ε r'$	2×10^-10T³-6×10^-8T²-0.0003T+1.2671
硅酸铝纤维板^［13］	2422MHz	20℃≤T≤1300℃	$ε r ″$	2×10^-11T³-8×10^-9T²-9×10^-6T+0.0027
氧化锆纤维板^［13］	2422MHz	20℃≤T≤1400℃	$ε r'$	6×10^-10T³-9×10^-7T²-0.0003T+2.5433
氧化锆纤维板^［13］	2422MHz	20℃≤T≤1400℃	$ε r ″$	3×10^-9T³-5×10^-7T²-0.0003T+0.0438

图2 微波在材料中的传播类型

图3 微波在介质中的传输路径

图4 波导法材料测试系统示意图

图5 同轴线法材料测试系统示意图

图6 谐振腔法材料测试系统示意图

图7 自由空间法材料测试系统示意图

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微波加热用透波材料的研究进展

Research progress of wave-transmitting materials for microwave heating

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