电石制备清洁生产和工程化研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-2156

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国电石产量位居世界第一，电石生产已成为我国化工领域的重要环节。电热法是目前工业上应用最广的电石生产方法，但由于其高能耗、高污染、高投入、低产出等诸多弊端，如何对传统电石工艺进行转型升级改造，发展节能降耗、原料及附加产品综合高效利用的大型一体化电石产业链成为了时下研究的热点。氧热法具有能耗低、物耗低、能效高、污染少的特点，已经成为替代电热法生产电石的新选择。为此，本文围绕氧热法煤制电石工艺、煤制电石多联产技术、电石清洁生产三方面对煤制电石新工艺进行综述，对国内外氧热法制电石研究进展进行总结分析。在此基础上文章对煤制电石与化工/动力系统多联产工艺和电石渣综合利用与废气捕集技术路线进行了分析与讨论，并对进一步值得研究的重点方向进行了展望，为煤制电石清洁高效生产的理论研究、工程实践、系统运行提供了参考。

关键词: 电石生产, 氧热法, 多联产, 电石渣, ?, 模拟, 二氧化碳

Abstract:

China is the biggest calcium carbide production country in the world, and the calcium carbide production is an important part of chemical industry. Currently, the electric-thermal method is the most widely used industrial calcium carbide production method. But due to its high energy consumption, high pollution, high investment, low output, and many other disadvantages, the traditional calcium carbide industry is in urgent need of process upgrading. It is becoming a research hotspot to develop large-scale integrated calcium carbide industry chain with energy saving, consumption reduction, comprehensive and efficient utilization of raw materials and additional product. Oxygen-thermal method has the characteristics of low energy consumption, low material consumption, high efficiency and less pollution, which is a promising new method to replace electro-thermal method. In this paper, the new technology of calcium carbide from coal is reviewed, including the technology of oxygen-thermal coal to calcium carbide production, the coal to calcium carbide polygeneration system and the clean production of calcium carbide. The research progress of oxygen-thermal calcium carbide method is summarized. Then, the coal to calcium carbide and chemical/power system polygeneration process, as well as the technical routes of carbide slag comprehensive utilization and waste gas trap are discussed and analyzed. The further worthy research directions are also prospected. It is of great significance for the theoretical research, engineering practice and system operation of the clean and high-efficiency calcium carbide production.

Key words: calcium carbide production, oxygen-thermal method, poly-generation, carbide slag, exergy analysis, simulation, carbon dioxide

中图分类号:

TQ53

徐婉怡, 王红霞, 崔小迷, 张早校. 电石制备清洁生产和工程化研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(10): 5337-5347.

XU Wanyi, WANG Hongxia, CUI Xiaomi, ZHANG Zaoxiao. Research progress on cleaner production and engineering of calcium carbide preparation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(10): 5337-5347.

图/表 6

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生产技术	各组分质量分数/%
生产技术	H₂	CaO	CO	N₂	CO₂	O₂	H₂S	H₂O
电热法	0.86	2.8	0.09	17.5	77.7	0.25	0.4	0.4
氧热法	0.37	0.08	91.8	1.7	0.9	3.7	0.15	1.3

生产技术	各组分质量分数/%
生产技术	H₂	CaO	CO	N₂	CO₂	O₂	H₂S	H₂O
电热法	0.86	2.8	0.09	17.5	77.7	0.25	0.4	0.4
氧热法	0.37	0.08	91.8	1.7	0.9	3.7	0.15	1.3

序号	项目	原料	产品	成熟度	典型技术方法
1	合成气制甲醇甲醇制乙烯	合成气甲醇	甲醇乙烯、丙烯	C P	ICI、Lurgi UOP、中科院大连化学物理研究所
2	CO制光气	CO、Cl₂	光气	C	通用电气公司拜尔材料科学股份有限公司
3	合成气制燃料油	合成气	烯烃、烷烃	C	南非Sasol，Shell，Arge，Kellog
4	CO制草酸二甲酯草酸二甲酯制乙二醇	CO、亚硝酸甲酯草酸二甲酯H₂	草酸二甲酯乙二醇、甲醇	P P	日本宇部工业公司华东理工大学上海浦景化工公司
5	CO制丙烯酸	乙炔CO H₂O	丙烯酸	I	德国WJ-Reppe
6	CO制甲酸甲酯	CO、甲醇	甲酸甲酯	I	美国科学设计公司德国巴斯夫公司
7	CO制甲酰胺	CO、氨气、甲醇	甲酰胺	I	—
8	CO制二甲基甲酰胺	CO、二甲胺	二甲基甲酰胺	I	日本化学品公司三菱瓦斯化学集团公司 Du Pont
9	CO制乙醇	CO、H₂	乙醇乙醛乙酸	P	中科院大连化学物理研究所中国成达化学工程公司
10	CO制低碳混合醇	CO、H₂	低碳混合醇	L	天津大学 Pacific Northwest National Lab
11	CO用于合成氨	合成气、氮气	氨气	C	中国五环工程有限公司，TOPSE，Linder公司
12	CO制甲酸	CO、H₂、H₂O	甲酸	C	美国SD-Bethlehem Leonard，德国巴斯夫公司
13	CO制乙酸	CO、甲醇	乙酸	I	孟山都法（塞拉尼斯公司）
14	CO制二甲醚	CO、H₂	二甲醚	I	美国空气产品和化学品公司日本钢管公司（NKK）

序号	项目	原料	产品	成熟度	典型技术方法
1	合成气制甲醇甲醇制乙烯	合成气甲醇	甲醇乙烯、丙烯	C P	ICI、Lurgi UOP、中科院大连化学物理研究所
2	CO制光气	CO、Cl₂	光气	C	通用电气公司拜尔材料科学股份有限公司
3	合成气制燃料油	合成气	烯烃、烷烃	C	南非Sasol，Shell，Arge，Kellog
4	CO制草酸二甲酯草酸二甲酯制乙二醇	CO、亚硝酸甲酯草酸二甲酯H₂	草酸二甲酯乙二醇、甲醇	P P	日本宇部工业公司华东理工大学上海浦景化工公司
5	CO制丙烯酸	乙炔CO H₂O	丙烯酸	I	德国WJ-Reppe
6	CO制甲酸甲酯	CO、甲醇	甲酸甲酯	I	美国科学设计公司德国巴斯夫公司
7	CO制甲酰胺	CO、氨气、甲醇	甲酰胺	I	—
8	CO制二甲基甲酰胺	CO、二甲胺	二甲基甲酰胺	I	日本化学品公司三菱瓦斯化学集团公司 Du Pont
9	CO制乙醇	CO、H₂	乙醇乙醛乙酸	P	中科院大连化学物理研究所中国成达化学工程公司
10	CO制低碳混合醇	CO、H₂	低碳混合醇	L	天津大学 Pacific Northwest National Lab
11	CO用于合成氨	合成气、氮气	氨气	C	中国五环工程有限公司，TOPSE，Linder公司
12	CO制甲酸	CO、H₂、H₂O	甲酸	C	美国SD-Bethlehem Leonard，德国巴斯夫公司
13	CO制乙酸	CO、甲醇	乙酸	I	孟山都法（塞拉尼斯公司）
14	CO制二甲醚	CO、H₂	二甲醚	I	美国空气产品和化学品公司日本钢管公司（NKK）

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