基于可控/“活性”自由基聚合的生物传感分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1289

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统信号放大策略存在成本高昂和操作复杂等不足，无法满足早期诊断等领域的实际应用需求。近年来，科研人员探索建立了一类基于原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）和可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合等可控/“活性”自由基聚合（CLRP）技术的新型信号放大策略，用于蛋白质和核酸等生物分子的简便、快速、低成本、高灵敏和高选择性检测。本文综述了基于CLRP的生物传感分析的研究进展。首先介绍了生物传感器的概念及特点，简述了传统信号放大策略及基于聚合物的信号放大策略的优缺点。接着，对CLRP技术进行了概述，并重点回顾了基于ATRP和RAFT聚合的信号放大策略在高灵敏生物传感中的应用。最后，对基于CLRP的生物传感分析进行了展望。基于CLRP的信号放大策略，具有操作简便、成本低廉和高效等优良特性，在生物分子的高灵敏检测中具有相当广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 电化学, 生物传感器, 聚合, 自由基, 信号放大, 原子转移自由基聚合, 可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合

Abstract:

The defects of high cost and complex operation of conventional signal amplification strategies are adverse to their potential applications in early diagnosis and other fields. In recent years, a new kind of signal amplification strategies based on the use of controlled/“living” radical polymerization (CLRP) techniques such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has been established for the simple, fast, low-cost, highly sensitive and selective detection of biological molecules (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids). In this paper, the research progress of the CLRP-based biosensing was reviewed. Firstly, the concept and characteristics of biosensors were introduced, as well as the pros and cons of the conventional and the polymer-based amplification strategies. Furthermore, the application of the ATRP-based and the RAFT polymerization-based amplification strategies in the highly sensitive biosensing was reviewed. Finally, the prospect of the CLRP-based biosensing was presented. By virtue of their advantages such as simple operation, low cost, and high efficiency, the CLRP-based amplification strategies show great potential in the highly sensitive detection of biological molecules.

Key words: electrochemistry, biosensor, polymerization, radical, signal amplification, atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization

中图分类号:

O657.1

胡琼, 甘世宇, 包宇, 韩冬雪, 牛利. 基于可控/“活性”自由基聚合的生物传感分析[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(5): 2710-2718.

HU Qiong, GAN Shiyu, BAO Yu, HAN Dongxue, NIU Li. Controlled/“living” radical polymerization-based biosensing[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(5): 2710-2718.

图/表 4

图1 生物传感器的组成与应用

图2 基于天然酶[14]、仿生催化[20]、电催化[21]和纳米材料[24]的信号放大策略

图3 基于直接使用现成聚合物[26]和原位形成聚合物[31]的信号放大策略

图4 基于eATRP的胰蛋白酶活性检测和基于eRAFT聚合的PKA活性检测[55,62]

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