深层滤床反冲洗技术及其油田水处理领域应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1215

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深层滤床过滤作为油田污水高效处理最重要的环节之一，滤床稳定运行的关键在于有效反冲洗。随着含油废水中聚合物浓度不断增大，聚合物吸附和滞留于滤床内，与滤料颗粒相互黏结，滤床反冲洗不彻底，导致滤床板结、过滤效率降低甚至作用失效。为了解决这一问题，本文介绍了重力作用下滤料反冲洗再生原理，回顾了单独水反冲洗技术、气水联合反冲洗技术及其加载场强化水力反冲洗技术，提出了一种颗粒滤床复合场反冲洗的新方法，将旋流场加载于滤床重力场的水力反冲洗过程，可以突破重力作用下滤料反冲洗再生效率低的技术瓶颈，丰富和发展了滤床水力反冲洗理论，为油田颗粒滤床反冲洗再生开辟新途径。

关键词: 含油废水, 反冲洗, 复合场, 机理, 颗粒流

Abstract:

Deep bed filtration is one of the most important parts in oilfield wastewater treatment. However, the key to its effect is effective backwashing. With the increasing concentration of polyacrylamide (PAM) in oily wastewater during the filtration process, the PAM in wastewater adsorbed in the filtration bed, adhered to the media surface, and formed larger lumps of media that were difficult to be separated. The filtration bed contained PAM could not be fully fluidized. This leads to poor media generation, packing together of filtration bed, reduction of filtration efficiency and even ineffective. In this paper, the media backwashing mechanism for deed bed filter under the gravity field was analyzed. The process of single water backwashing, water backwashing with air scouring, and other enhanced hydraulic backwashing methods were reviewed. A new method of backwashing in coupled field backwashing process was put forward, which could break through the technical bottleneck of low backwashing efficiency under gravity field, enriching and developing the hydraulic backwashing theory of filtration bed under the gravity field. Furthermore, it opened a new way for filtration bed backwashing in oilfield polymer flooded wastewater treatment.

Key words: oily wastewater, backwashing, coupled field, mechanism, granular flow

中图分类号:

X741

于忠臣, 刘长春, 董喜贵, 刘书孟, 孙冰, 李可. 深层滤床反冲洗技术及其油田水处理领域应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(5): 2753-2761.

YU Zhongchen, LIU Changchun, DONG Xigui, LIU Shumeng, SUN Bing, LI Ke. Deep bed backwashing process and its application progress in oily water treatment[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(5): 2753-2761.

图/表 4

图1 重力场下滤料颗粒运动和受力情况[21-22]G—重力；FD—曳力；FL—横向升力；Ff—摩擦力；Fg—滤料颗粒与气泡之间作用力；FB—液体在滤料上的作用力

图2 滤料和污染物颗粒相互碰撞脱附机理[33]

图3 V形滤池气水联合反冲洗[53]

图4 超声场清洗原理[63]

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