生物炭回收水中氮磷营养物质的研究进展与挑战

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2090

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 5459-5469.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2090

生物炭回收水中氮磷营养物质的研究进展与挑战

王书燕¹^,²(), 张新波¹^,²(), 彭安萍¹^,², 刘阳¹^,², NGO HUU HAO¹, 郭文珊¹, 温海涛¹

^1.天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院，基础设施防护和环境绿色生物技术国际联合研究中心，天津 300384
^2.天津城建大学，天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室，天津 300384

收稿日期:2022-11-09 修回日期:2023-04-29 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-11-11
通讯作者: 张新波
作者简介:王书燕（1998—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为环境功能材料。E-mail：7686430@qq.com。
基金资助:
天津市科委创新平台项目(18PTZWHZ00140);天津科委重点项目(20JCZDJC00380)

Research progress and challenges in recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from water by biochar

WANG Shuyan¹^,²(), ZHANG Xinbo¹^,²(), PENG Anping¹^,², LIU Yang¹^,², HAO NGO HUU¹, GUO Wenshan¹, WEN Haitao¹

^1.Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
^2.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China

Received:2022-11-09 Revised:2023-04-29 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-11-11
Contact: ZHANG Xinbo

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水中过量氮磷营养物质的存在会引发水体富营养化。生物炭具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、热稳定性强、表面官能团丰富等优点，在吸附去除水中污染物方面呈现出良好性能。近年来，生物炭作为一种经济高效的吸附剂回收水中的氮和磷而受到了广泛关注，但不同种类生物炭对水中氮或磷的吸附性能有较大的差异。本文综述了基于各种废弃生物质制备及改性的生物炭对水中氮和磷的吸附性能，探讨分析了影响生物炭吸附水中氮和磷性能的主要因素，包括制备条件、环境温度、溶液pH和共存离子等，阐述了生物炭吸附水中氮和磷的主要机理。同时指出了目前生物炭在实际应用中所面临的挑战，并进一步展望了未来生物炭的重点研究方向，从而为实际利用生物炭吸附回收水中的氮和磷提供理论依据。

关键词: 生物炭, 氮, 磷, 吸附性能, 去除机理

Abstract:

The presence of excessive nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients leads to eutrophication of water. Biochar has the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, high thermal stability, and abundant surface functional groups, and presents good performance in adsorption and removal of pollutants in water. In recent years, biochar has received much attention as an economical and efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, however, various biochar exhibits the different adsorption performance in recovering nitrogen or phosphorus in water. This paper reviewes the adsorption performance of biochar prepared and modified from various waste biomasses on nitrogen and phosphorus in water, discusses the factors affecting the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water by different types of biochar, ambient temperature, solution pH and coexisting ions, and summarizes the main mechanisms for the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water by biochar. In the meantime, the challenges faced in practical applications are pointed out, and further the future research directions of biochar are also prospected, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the practical use of biochar for the adsorption and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus in water.

Key words: biochar, nitrogen, phosphate, adsorption performance, removal mechanism

中图分类号:

王书燕, 张新波, 彭安萍, 刘阳, NGO HUU HAO, 郭文珊, 温海涛. 生物炭回收水中氮磷营养物质的研究进展与挑战[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5459-5469.

WANG Shuyan, ZHANG Xinbo, PENG Anping, LIU Yang, HAO NGO HUU, GUO Wenshan, WEN Haitao. Research progress and challenges in recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from water by biochar[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5459-5469.

图/表 6

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方法	温度/℃	停留时间	升温速率/℃·min^-1	参考文献
慢速热解	100~1000	>1h	<10	[13-14]
快速热解	500~1000	<2s	>120	[15-16]
水热炭化	180~250	1~16h	—	[14-15]
气化	>800	10~20s	—	[13, 16]
烘烤	200~300	20~120min	<50	[16-17]
微波热解	400~500	1~10min	—	[18]

方法	温度/℃	停留时间	升温速率/℃·min^-1	参考文献
慢速热解	100~1000	>1h	<10	[13-14]
快速热解	500~1000	<2s	>120	[15-16]
水热炭化	180~250	1~16h	—	[14-15]
气化	>800	10~20s	—	[13, 16]
烘烤	200~300	20~120min	<50	[16-17]
微波热解	400~500	1~10min	—	[18]

原材料	制备温度/℃	改性剂	吸附目标物	初始浓度 /mg·L^-1	最大吸附容量 /mg·g^-1	吸附等温曲线	动力学模型	主要机理	参考文献
竹子	370	—	NH₄⁺	1~10	6.38	Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引	[29]
橘子、菠萝、火龙果皮	300~600	—	NH₄⁺	10~100	4.71、5.60、2.65	Langmuir	准二级	阳离子交换、静电吸引、表面络合	[30]
湿地植物	500	—	NH₄⁺	0~100	13.35	Langmuir	准二级	阳离子交换、表面络合	[31]
巨型芦苇	500	—	NH₄⁺	30~80	1.49	Freundlich、 Langmuir	准一级、准二级	离子交换	[25]
粪便污泥	600	—	NH₄⁺	100	12	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引	[32]
稻草	300~600	—	NH₃-N	10~500	15.79±1.84	—	准二级	静电吸引	[33]
木屑、稻壳	600	—	NH₄⁺	250~1400	44.64±0.462、 39.8±0.54	Langmuir	准二级	静电引力	[28]
稻草、芦苇、木屑和蛋壳	300~700	—	NH₄⁺	0~320	4.2、3.2、 3.3、2.2	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引	[27]
消化污泥	350~550	—	NH₄⁺	2~80	1.4	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引	[26]
污泥、核桃壳	600	—	NH₄⁺	50	22.85	Freundlich	准二级	粒子内表面扩散	[34]
芝麻秸秆	300~700	—	NH₄⁺	5~500	93.61	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	粒子内表面扩散	[24]
松木锯末、小麦秸秆	300， 550	—	NH₄⁺	10~100	5.38、2.08	Redlich-Peterson	准二级	静电吸引、表面络合	[35]
紫茎泽兰	300	—	NH₄⁺	5~100	1.909	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引	[36]
玉米芯	300~600	—	NO₃^-	0~2000	14.46	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引	[37]
猪骨、楠竹	550	—	NH₄⁺	10~400	13.97	Langmuir	准二级	—	[38]
玉米秸秆	500	KMnO₄	NH₄⁺	—	23.80	Langmuir	准一级、准二级	—	[39]
玉米芯	400	HNO₃、NaOH	NH₄⁺	10~100	22.6	Langmuir	准二级	离子交换、静电吸引	[40]
水稻秸秆	400、600	KOH、FeCl₃·H₂O	NH₄⁺、NO₃^-	10~200	19.26、46.50	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引、表面络合	[41]
污泥	400	HCl、FeCl₃	NH₄⁺	2~100	9.67	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、离子交换	[42]
大豆秸秆	500	MgCl₂、AlCl₃	NH₄⁺、NO₃^-	50	0.70、40.63	—	准二级	静电吸引	[4]
棕榈叶	700	Mg、Al	NO₃^-	10~50	28.06	Langmuir	准一级	离子交换、表面络合	[43]
杨木屑	550	AlCl₃·6H₂O	NO₃^-	0~2000	89.58	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引	[44]
玉米秸秆	550	FeCl₃	NO₃^-	2.5~5	14	Langmuir	—	静电吸引	[45]
稻壳	450	MgCl₂、膨润土	NH₄⁺	60	50.27	—	准二级	离子交换、静电吸引	[46]
毛竹	300~500	蒙脱石	NH₄⁺	20~6000	12.52	Redlich-Peterson	Elovich	范德华力	[47]
金竹	460	蒙脱石	NO₃^-	5~400	9	Langmuir	—	静电吸引	[48]
油菜秸秆	750	赤泥	NH₄⁺	27.15~407.14	2.97	Langmuir	准二级	孔填充、静电吸引、表面沉淀	[49]

原材料	制备温度/℃	改性剂	吸附目标物	初始浓度 /mg·L^-1	最大吸附容量 /mg·g^-1	吸附等温曲线	动力学模型	主要机理	参考文献
竹子	370	—	NH₄⁺	1~10	6.38	Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引	[29]
橘子、菠萝、火龙果皮	300~600	—	NH₄⁺	10~100	4.71、5.60、2.65	Langmuir	准二级	阳离子交换、静电吸引、表面络合	[30]
湿地植物	500	—	NH₄⁺	0~100	13.35	Langmuir	准二级	阳离子交换、表面络合	[31]
巨型芦苇	500	—	NH₄⁺	30~80	1.49	Freundlich、 Langmuir	准一级、准二级	离子交换	[25]
粪便污泥	600	—	NH₄⁺	100	12	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引	[32]
稻草	300~600	—	NH₃-N	10~500	15.79±1.84	—	准二级	静电吸引	[33]
木屑、稻壳	600	—	NH₄⁺	250~1400	44.64±0.462、 39.8±0.54	Langmuir	准二级	静电引力	[28]
稻草、芦苇、木屑和蛋壳	300~700	—	NH₄⁺	0~320	4.2、3.2、 3.3、2.2	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引	[27]
消化污泥	350~550	—	NH₄⁺	2~80	1.4	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引	[26]
污泥、核桃壳	600	—	NH₄⁺	50	22.85	Freundlich	准二级	粒子内表面扩散	[34]
芝麻秸秆	300~700	—	NH₄⁺	5~500	93.61	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	粒子内表面扩散	[24]
松木锯末、小麦秸秆	300， 550	—	NH₄⁺	10~100	5.38、2.08	Redlich-Peterson	准二级	静电吸引、表面络合	[35]
紫茎泽兰	300	—	NH₄⁺	5~100	1.909	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引	[36]
玉米芯	300~600	—	NO₃^-	0~2000	14.46	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引	[37]
猪骨、楠竹	550	—	NH₄⁺	10~400	13.97	Langmuir	准二级	—	[38]
玉米秸秆	500	KMnO₄	NH₄⁺	—	23.80	Langmuir	准一级、准二级	—	[39]
玉米芯	400	HNO₃、NaOH	NH₄⁺	10~100	22.6	Langmuir	准二级	离子交换、静电吸引	[40]
水稻秸秆	400、600	KOH、FeCl₃·H₂O	NH₄⁺、NO₃^-	10~200	19.26、46.50	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引、表面络合	[41]
污泥	400	HCl、FeCl₃	NH₄⁺	2~100	9.67	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、离子交换	[42]
大豆秸秆	500	MgCl₂、AlCl₃	NH₄⁺、NO₃^-	50	0.70、40.63	—	准二级	静电吸引	[4]
棕榈叶	700	Mg、Al	NO₃^-	10~50	28.06	Langmuir	准一级	离子交换、表面络合	[43]
杨木屑	550	AlCl₃·6H₂O	NO₃^-	0~2000	89.58	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引	[44]
玉米秸秆	550	FeCl₃	NO₃^-	2.5~5	14	Langmuir	—	静电吸引	[45]
稻壳	450	MgCl₂、膨润土	NH₄⁺	60	50.27	—	准二级	离子交换、静电吸引	[46]
毛竹	300~500	蒙脱石	NH₄⁺	20~6000	12.52	Redlich-Peterson	Elovich	范德华力	[47]
金竹	460	蒙脱石	NO₃^-	5~400	9	Langmuir	—	静电吸引	[48]
油菜秸秆	750	赤泥	NH₄⁺	27.15~407.14	2.97	Langmuir	准二级	孔填充、静电吸引、表面沉淀	[49]

原料	热解温度/℃	改性剂	磷初始浓度 /mg·L^-1	最大吸附量 /mg·g^-1	吸附等温线	动力学模型	主要机理	参考文献
稻草	800	—	0~200	5.58	Langmuir	准一级	—	[57]
紫茎泽兰	300	—	5~100	2.32	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引、配体交换	[36]
紫茎泽兰	600	—	20~300	13.6	Langmuir	准二级	—	[5]
美人蕉	800	—	5~500	9.47	Langmuir	准二级	—	[58]
竹子	600	Mg/Al或Mg/Fe LDH	5~600	172	Langmuir	准二级	离子交换	[59]
白菜/油菜	500	Mg/Al LDO	5~500	127.2~132.8	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、配体交换、离子交换	[60]
椰枣叶	700	Mg/Al LDH	10~50	177.97	Langmuir	准一级	配体交换	[43]
甘蔗叶	550	Mg/Al LDH	5~500	81.83	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、配体交换	[61]
香蒲	400~600	La(OH)₃	5~500	36.06	Langmuir	准二级	配体交换、静电吸引	[62]
法国梧桐	600	La(OH)₃	30~100	148.11	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、配体交换	[63]
小麦秸秆	550	壳聚糖和La(OH)₃	25~300	108.86	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、配体交换	[6]
菠萝皮	300	Fe₂O₃和La(OH)₃	100~400	101.16	Langmuir	准二级	表面沉淀、配体交换、静电吸引	[64]
橡木	500	La(OH)₃	1~400	46.37	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、表面沉淀、配体交换	[65]
脱水污泥	400~800	La(OH)₃	50~300	93.91	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、配体交换	[66]
美人蕉	800	La(NO₃)₃	5~500	37.37	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、离子交换、配体交换	[58]
核桃壳	400	LaCl₃	0~50	12.18	Langmuir	准二级	—	[67]
玉米秸秆	800	NaLa(CO₃)₂、FeCl₃	50~400	217.84	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、配体交换	[68]
紫薇落叶	600	Mg(OH)₂	10~300	121.95	Sips	准二级	配体交换	[56]
柏木木屑	400~600	MgCl₂	50~250	43.5~66.7	Langmuir	准二级	表面沉淀	[69]
山核桃木屑/竹子	600	MgCl₂/AlCl₃/FeCl₃	15~1000	119.6	Langmuir-Freundlich	—	静电吸引、表面沉淀	[70]
甘蔗叶	550	MgCl₂	1~500	398.71	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、表面沉淀	[71]
毛竹	400~600	MgCl₂	19.7~498	344~370	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	配体交换、静电吸引	[1]
香蕉秸秆/木薯秸秆/ 玉米秸秆/杉木秸秆/ 芋头秸秆/油茶壳	430	MgCl₂	20~350	6.77~31.15	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、表面沉淀	[3]
玉米秸秆	550	MgCl₂	4~200	60.95	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引、表面沉淀	[16]
胡萝卜	400	MgCl₂	25~350	138	Langmuir	准一级	—	[72]
玉米芯	800	MgCl₂	3~25	8.44	Langmuir	准二级	—	[73]
杨树	550	AlCl₃	50~1600	57.49	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	—	[44]
麦秸	600	CaCl₂	200~1000	213.22±13.57	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	表面沉淀	[74]
花生壳/甘蔗渣	460~850	MgCl₂、CaCl₂	3~5800	111.80~129.79	Sips	准二级	表面沉淀	[55]
稻壳/木材	500	Fe₂(SO₄)₃、FeSO₄	25~150	24.9~27.6	Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引、配体交换	[75]
水葫芦	450	FeCl₃、FeCl₂	0.186~150	5.068	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引、配体交换	[76]
活性污泥	550	FeCl₃	5~1000	111	Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引、离子交换、配体交换	[77]
玉米秸秆	550	FeCl₃	10~50	98	Langmuir	—	离子交换、表面沉淀、配体交换	[45]
核桃壳	600	FeCl₂、MgCl₂	5~400	6.945	Langmuir-Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引	[78]
酒糟	600	磷石膏	5~500	102.4	Freundlich	准二级	静电吸引、表面沉淀、配体交换	[79]
油菜	700	煤矸石	5~200	7.9	Langmuir	准二级	静电吸引、配体交换、表面沉淀	[80]
羊粪	800	牡蛎壳、LaCl₃	5~200	88.34	Langmuir	准二级	配体交换	[81]
脱水污泥	800	石灰石	50~500	231.28	Langmuir	准二级	表面沉淀、配体交换	[82]

生物炭回收水中氮磷营养物质的研究进展与挑战

Research progress and challenges in recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from water by biochar

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