城镇生活污水厌氧氨氧化处理的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-2023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

厌氧氨氧化技术在城镇生活污水脱氮领域有巨大应用前景，在降低投资、低耗运行和污泥减量等方面具有重要优势，成为城镇生活污水处理的研究热点。本文综述了近年来厌氧氨氧化技术应用于城镇生活污水处理的最新研究进展，首先分析了有机物、污泥龄、溶解氧、温度及污泥截留等影响因素，认为厌氧氨氧化技术适宜处理城镇生活污水，并提出了相应技术挑战；探讨了侧流和主流厌氧氨氧化处理工艺在城镇生活污水处理中的优势、调控条件和现场应用效果。同时，根据现有研究结果，认为低氨氮浓度下保证稳定的亚硝态氮积累、低温条件下厌氧氨氧化稳定、厌氧氨氧化菌的快速富集以及主流工艺的推广应用等方面是城镇生活污水厌氧氨氧化处理大规模应用的瓶颈问题，并提出了厌氧氨氧化未来发展趋势。

关键词: 城镇生活污水, 厌氧氨氧化, 主流工艺, 侧流工艺, 影响因素

Abstract:

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation technology has huge application prospects in the field of urban domestic sewage denitrification. It has important advantages in reducing investment, low-consumption operation and sludge reduction, and has become a research hotspot in urban domestic sewage treatment. This article summarized the latest research progress of anaerobic ammonia oxidation technology in urban sewage treatment in recent years. The article first analyzed the influencing factors such as organic matter, sludge age, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and sludge retention. It was concluded that anaerobic ammonia oxidation technology is suitable. Treatment of urban domestic sewage, and corresponding technical challenges were proposed. The advantages of side stream and mainstream anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment processes in urban domestic sewage treatment, regulatory conditions, and field application effects were discussed. At the same time, according to the existing research results, it was considered that urban areas that ensure stable nitrite nitrogen accumulation at low ammonia nitrogen concentrations, stable anaerobic ammonia oxidation at low temperatures, rapid enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and popularization and application of mainstream processes are the bottleneck problems of large-scale application of anaerobic ammonia oxidation in domestic sewage. The future development trend of anaerobic ammonia oxidation was proposed.

Key words: urban sewage, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, mainstream process, side flow process, influencing factor

中图分类号:

X703

谢军祥, 姜滢, 常尧枫, 谢嘉玮, 郭萌蕾, 陈重军. 城镇生活污水厌氧氨氧化处理的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(10): 4175-4184.

Junxiang XIE, Ying JIANG, Yaofeng CHANG, Jiawei XIE, Menglei GUO, Chongjun CHEN. Research progress of anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment of urban sewage[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(10): 4175-4184.

参考文献

1	解云飞, 徐文杰, 迟媛媛, 等. 厌氧氨氧化技术在市政污水中的应用和研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2019, 39(12): 1-6.
1	XIE Yunfei, XU Wenjie, CHI Yuanyuan, et al. Application and progress of Anammox technology on the municipal wastewater treatment [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2019, 39(12): 1-6.
2	李媛. 厌氧氨氧化工艺启动和运行特性及其受抑机理研究[D]. 无锡: 江南大学, 2014.
2	LI Yuan. Startup and performance characteristics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process and its repressed mechanisms [D]. Wuxi: Jiangnan University, 2014.
3	付昆明, 仇付国, 左早荣. 厌氧氨氧化技术应用于市政污水处理的前景分析[J]. 中国给水排水, 2015， 31(4): 8-13.
3	FU Kunming, QIU Fuguo, ZUO Zaorong. Prospective analysis of application of anaerobic ammonia oxidation technology to municipal wastewater treatment [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2015， 31(4): 8-13.
4	PENG Yongzhen, GUO Jianhua, HORN H, et al. Achieving nitrite accumulation in a continuous system treating low strength domestic wastewater: switchover from batch startup to continuous operation with process control [J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2012, 94(2): 517-526.
5	LI Zhigang, MA Yongguang, HIRA D, et al. Factors affecting the treatment of reject water by the Anammox process [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(10): 5702.
6	WINKlER M K, YANG Jingjing, KLEEREBEZEM R, et al. Nitrate reduction by organotrophic Anammox bacteria in a nitritation/anammox granular sludge and a moving bed biofilm reactor [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 114(3): 217-223.
7	陈珺, 王洪臣, BERNHARD Wett. 城市污水处理工艺迈向主流厌氧氨氧化的挑战与展望[J]. 给水排水, 2015(10): 29-34.
7	CHEN Jun, WANG Hongchen, BERNHARD W. Challenge and aspect of municipal wastewater treatment going for mainstream deammonification [J]. Geomatics World, 2015(10): 29-34.
8	QIAO Sen, NISHIYAMA T, FUJII T, et al. Rapid startup and high rate nitrogen removal from anaerobic sludge digester liquor using a SNAP process [J]. Biodegradation, 2012, 23(1): 157-164.
9	付昆明, 张杰, 曹相生, 等. 曝气量对不同填料CANON反应器运行效率的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2010, 61(2): 496-503.
9	FU Kunming, ZHANG Jie, CAO Xiangsheng, et al. Effect of aeration rate on CANON reactors with different carriers [J]. CIESC Journal, 2010, 61(2): 496-503.
10	CEMA G, WISZNIOWSKI J, ZABCZYNSKI S, et al. Biological nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by deammonification assisted by heterotrophic denitrification in a rotating biological contactor (RBC) [J]. Water Science & Technology, 2007, 55(8/9): 35-42.
11	付昆明, 张杰, 曹相生, 等. CANON反应器运行稳定性及温度冲击的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2012, 33(10): 3507-3512.
11	FU Kunming, ZHANG Jie, CAO Xiangsheng, et al. Performance stability of CANON reactor and temperature impact [J]. Environmental Science, 2012, 33(10): 3507-3512.
12	付昆明. 全程自养脱氮(CANON)反应器的启动及其脱氮性能[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学, 2010.
12	FU Kunming. Startup and performance of nitrogen removal CANON reactor [D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2010.
13	TAO Yu, GAO Dawen, FU Yuan, et al. Impact of reactor configuration on anammox process start up: MBR versus SBR [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 104(1): 73-80.
14	VOLCKE E I P, PICIOREANU C, DE BAETS B, et al. The granule size distribution in an anammox based granular sludge reactor affects the conversion implications for modeling [J]. Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 2012, 109(7): 1629-1636.
15	MIAO Yuanyuan, ZHANG Jianhua, PENG Yongzhen, et al. An improved startup strategy for mainstream anammox process through inoculating ordinary nitrification sludge and a small amount of anammox sludge [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 384: 121325.
16	付巢, 付昆明, 姜姗, 等. 有机物对自养脱氮工艺影响的研究进展[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2019, 41(5): 602-607.
16	FU Chao, FU Kunming, JIANG Shang, et al. Research progress on the influence of organics on autotrophic nitrogen removal process [J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2019, 41(5): 602-607.
17	张星星, 王昕竹, 印雯, 等. 基于厌氧氨氧化技术处理市政污水的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2020, 40(1): 1-7.
17	ZHANG Xingxing, WANG Xinzhu, YIN Wen, et al. Research progress on the treatment of municipal sewage by Anammox technology [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2020, 40(1): 1-7.
18	MOLINUEVO B, CRUZ G M, KARAKASHEV D, et al. Anammox for ammonia removal from pig manure effluents: effect of organic matter content on process performance [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(7): 2171-2175.
19	马艳红, 赵智超, 安芳娇, 等. 不同COD浓度下低基质厌氧氨氧化的启动特征[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40(5): 2317-2325.
19	MA Yanhong, ZHAO Zhichao, AN Fangjiao, et al. Startup performance of low substrate anaerobic ammonium oxidation under different COD concentrations [J]. Environmental Science, 2019, 40(5): 2317-2325.
20	李田, 曹家炜, 谢凤莲, 等. ABR除碳-亚硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化处理城市污水[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40(3): 1390-1395.
20	LI Tian, CAO Jiawei, XIE Fenglian, et al. ABR decarbonization nitrosation coupled with Anammox to treat municipal wastewater [J]. Environmental Science, 2019, 40(3): 1390-1395.
21	华淑丽. 城镇污水处理厂COD浓度变化规律的研究[J]. 北京农业, 2011(30): 339-339.
21	HUA Shuli. Urban sewage treatment plant COD concentration variation study [J]. Beijing Agriculture, 2011(30): 339-339.
22	袁林江, 彭党聪, 王志盈. 短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮[J]. 中国给水排水, 2000， 16(2): 29-31.
22	YUAN Linjiang, PENG Dangcong, WANG Zhiying. Short-range nitrification denitrification biological nitrogen removal [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2000， 16(2): 29-31.
23	CAO Yeshi, KWOK B H, YAN Zhou, et al. 新加坡最大回用水处理厂污水短程硝化厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺 [J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2015, 41(10): 1441-1454.
23	CAO Yeshi, KWOK B H, YAN Zhou, et al. Mainstream partial nitriation/Anammox nitrogen removal process in the largest water reclamation plant in Singapore [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2015, 41(10): 1441-1454.
24	WU Changyong, PENG Yongzhen, WANG Shuying, et al. Effect of sludge retention time on nitrite accumulation in real time control biological nitrogen removal sequencing batch reactor [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011, 19(3): 512-517.
25	沈明玉, 吴莉娜, 李志, 等. 厌氧氨氧化在废水处理中的研究及应用进展[J]. 中国给水排水, 2019, 35(6): 16-21.
25	SHEN Mingyu, WU Lina, LI Zhi, et al. Research and application progress of anaerobic ammonium oxidation in wastewater treatment [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2019, 35(6): 16-21.
26	张杰, 张泽文, 李冬, 等. 不同污泥龄厌氧氨氧化菌的脱氮效能及其动力学特性[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2018, 50(8): 1-7.
26	ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Zewen, LI Dong, et al. Nitrogen removal efficiency and kinetic characteristics of anammox bacteria at different sludge ages [J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2018, 50(8): 1-7.
27	WANG Jianglong, YANG Ning. Partial nitrification under limited dissolved oxygen conditions [J]. Process Biochemistry, 2004, 39(10): 1223-1229.
28	张杰, 劳会妹, 李冬, 等. 高频曝停下停曝时间对亚硝化颗粒污泥性能的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2020(1): 360-367.
28	ZHANG Jie, LAO Huimei, LI Dong, et al. Effect of on/off aeration time ratio under high frequency on/off aeration on performance of nitrosated granular sludge [J]. Environmental Science, 2020(1): 360-367.
29	STROUS M, HEIJNEN J J, KUENEN J G, et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium oxidizing microorganisms [J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 1998, 50(5): 589-596.
30	夏琼琼, 张文安, 王雅雄, 等. 污水处理厌氧氨氧化工艺研究与应用进展[J]. 水处理技术, 2019, 45(5): 1-5.
30	XIA Qiongqiong, ZHANG Wen’an, WANG Yaxiong, et al. Research and application progress in Anammox process for wastewater treatment [J]. Technology of Water Treatment, 2019, 45(5): 1-5.
31	CHEN Yongzhi, ZHAO Zhichao, LIU Hong, et al. Achieving stable two stage mainstream partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) operation via intermittent aeration [J]. Chemosphere, 2020, 245： 125650.
32	李亚峰, 秦亚敏, 谢新立, 等. 间歇曝气条件下短程硝化的实现及影响因素研究[J]. 环境工程学报, 2011, 5(7): 1518-1521.
32	LI Yafeng, QIN Yamin, XIE Xinli, et al. Study on achievement and influencing factors of shortcut nitrification in intermittent aeration [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2011, 5(7): 1518-1521.
33	郝晓地. 可持续污水-废物处理技术[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2006.
33	HAO Xiaodi. Sustainable wastewater waste treatment technology [M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2006.
34	LAURENI M, WEISSBRODT D G, SZIYAK I, et al. Activity and growth of anammox biomass on aerobically pretreated municipal wastewater [J]. Water Research, 2015, 80: 325-336.
35	LI Mingcong, SONG Ying, SHEN Wei, et al. The performance of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor during natural periodic temperature variations [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019, 293： 122039.
36	WANG Yayi, XIE Hongchao, WANG Duanli, et al. Insight into the response of anammox granule rheological intensity and size evolution to decreasing temperature and influent substrate concentration [J]. Water Research, 2019, 162: 258-268.
37	王嗣禹, 刘灵婕, 王芬, 等. 溶解氧对悬浮与附着生长系统短程硝化反应的影响机制[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40(12): 5430-5437.
37	WANG Siyu, LIU Lingjie, WANG Fang, et al. Effect of dissolved oxygen on partial nitrification of suspended and attached growth systems [J]. Environmental Science, 2019, 40(12): 5430-5437.
38	吴蕾, 彭永臻, 王淑莹, 等. 短程硝化颗粒污泥SBR的快速启动与维持[J]. 化工学报, 2010, 61(11): 2931-2937.
38	WU Lei, PENG Yongzhen, WANG Shuying, et al. Quick start and maintenance of nitrifying granular sludge in SBR process [J]. CIESC Journal, 2010, 61(11): 2931-2937.
39	卢欣欣, 王怡, 黄瑞雪. MBBR一体式耦合短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化处理污泥水[J]. 环境工程学报, 2020, 14(7): 1827-1833.
39	LU Xinxin, WANG Yi, HUANG Ruixue. Reject water treatment by MBBR coupled with integrated partial nitrification anaerobic ammonium oxidation [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2020, 14(7): 1827-1833.
40	张亮. 高氨氮污泥消化液生物脱氮工艺与优化控制[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2013.
40	ZHANG Liang. Development and optimization of the nitrogen removal of high ammonium sludge dewatering water [D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2013.
41	STAR W R L VAN DER, ABMA W R, BLOMMERS D, et al. Startup of reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation: experiences from the first full scale anammox reactor in Rotterdam [J]. Water Research, 2007, 41 (18): 4149-4163.
42	LACKNER S, GILBERT E M, VLAEMINCK S E, et al. Full scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences—An application survey [J]. Water Research, 2014, 55(10): 292.
43	徐浩然. 电气石强化厌氧氨氧化工艺在高氨氮废水处理中的应用[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨商业大学, 2019.
43	XU Haoran. Application of Anammox process enhanced by tourmaline in treatment of high strength ammonium wastewater [D]. Harbin: Harbin University of Commerce, 2019.
44	HAN Xiaoyu, ZHANG Shujun, YANG Shenhua, et al. Full scale partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process for treating sludge dewatering liquor from anaerobic digestion after thermal hydrolysis [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020, 297: 122380.
45	陈玉霞, 耿亮, 黄民生, 等. 城市污水条件下厌氧氨氧化反应器接种污泥筛选[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2011(1): 87-94.
45	CHEN Yuxia, GENG Liang, HUANG Minsheng, et al. Inoculated sludge selection and startup of anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactors for the treatment of municipal wastewater [J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Science), 2011(1): 87-94.
46	李宁宁, 于德爽, 李津, 等. 城市污水条件下ASBR厌氧氨氧化的启动与脱氮性能[J]. 环境工程学报, 2013, 7(5): 1689-1694.
46	LI Ningning, YU Deshuang, LI Jin, et al. Startup of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process and nitrogen removal performance in anaerobic sequencing batch reactor for municipal sewage [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2013, 7(5): 1689-1694.
47	马斌, 张树军, 王俊敏, 等. A/O+Anammox工艺处理低C/N城市污水的脱氮性能[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 42(8): 2526-2530.
47	MA Bin, ZHANG Shujun, WANG Junmin, et al. Performance of nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater in A/O+Anammox system [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2011, 42(8): 2526-2530.
48	邵和东, 王淑莹, 张亮, 等. 常温下厌氧氨氧化组合工艺处理低C与N质量浓度比的城市污水的脱氮除磷性能[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2016， 47(1): 344-349.
48	SHAO Hedong, WANG Shuying, ZHANG Liang, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from low mass concentration ratio between C and N municipal wastewater based on Anammox process at ambient temperatures [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology)， 2016， 47(1): 344-349.
49	郑照明, 李泽兵, 刘常敬, 等. 城市生活污水SNAD工艺的启动研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015, 35(4): 1072-1081.
49	ZHENG Zhaoming, LI Zebing, LIU Changjing, et al. The study of SNAD process start up on domestic wastewater [J]. China Environmental Science, 2015, 35(4): 1072-1081.
50	马斌, 许鑫鑫, 高茂鸿, 等. 基于短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化的低碳源城市污水深度脱氮特性[J]. 环境科学, 2020, 41(3): 1377-1383.
50	MA Bin, XU Xinxin, GAO Maohong, et al. Advanced nitrogen removal characteristics of low carbon source municipal wastewater treatment via partial denitrification coupled with anammox [J]. Environmental Science, 2020, 41(3): 1377-1383.
51	彭正阳. 单级全程自养脱氮推流式反应器处理生活污水的研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2018.
51	PENG Zhengyang. Study on domestic wastewater treatments using a one stage plug flow deammonification reactor [D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2018.
52	XU Xinxin, MA Bin, LU Wenkang, et al. Effective nitrogen removal in a granule-based partial denitrification/anammox reactor treating low C/N sewage [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020, 297： 122467.
53	郝晓地, 程慧芹, 胡沅胜. 碳中和运行的国际先驱奥地利Strass污水厂案例剖析[J]. 中国给水排水, 2014, 30(22): 1-5.
53	HAO Xiaodi, CHENG Huiqin, HU Yuansheng. International pioneer of carbon-neutral operation of wastewater treatment: a case study at Strass in Austria [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2014, 30(22): 1-5.
54	钱亮, 贺北平, 刘瑞东, 等. 西安市第四污水处理厂一期工程升级改造经验总结[J]. 中国给水排水, 2016, 32(2): 74-78.
54	QIAN Liang, HE Beiping, LIU Ruidong, et al. Summary of experience in upgrading and reconstruction of first stage project of Xi’an Fourth WWTP [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2016, 32(2): 74-78.

[1]	史天茜, 石永辉, 武新颖, 张益豪, 秦哲, 赵春霞, 路达. Fe²⁺对厌氧氨氧化EGSB反应器运行性能的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 5003-5010.
[2]	陈翔宇, 卞春林, 肖本益. 温度分级厌氧消化工艺的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4872-4881.
[3]	许中硕, 周盼盼, 王宇晖, 黄威, 宋新山. 硫铁矿介导的自养反硝化研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4863-4871.
[4]	杨子育, 朱玲, 王文龙, 于超凡, 桑义敏. 阴燃法处理含油污泥的研究及应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3760-3769.
[5]	李白雪, 信欣, 朱羽蒙, 刘琴, 刘鑫. SASD-A体系构建及进水不同S/N对脱氮工艺的影响机制[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3261-3271.
[6]	李华华, 李逸航, 金北辰, 李隆昕, 成少安. 厌氧氨氧化-生物电化学耦合废水处理系统的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2678-2690.
[7]	朱紫旋, 陈俊江, 张星星, 李祥, 刘文如, 吴鹏. 基于短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化新型污水生物脱氮工艺的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 2091-2100.
[8]	赵星程, 贾方旭, 蒋伟彧, 陈佳熠, 刘晨雨, 姚宏. 氧化还原介体介导厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1606-1617.
[9]	张涵, 张肖静, 马冰冰, 佴灿, 刘烁烁, 马永鹏, 宋亚丽. 以城市废弃污泥为种泥启动厌氧氨氧化工艺的可行性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 1080-1088.
[10]	苏景振, 詹健. 生物炭对水环境中微塑料的去除研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5445-5458.
[11]	池伟利, 杨宏. 厌氧氨氧化包埋填料处理稀土尾矿废水的中试脱氮和优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(1): 506-516.
[12]	陈加波, 周鑫, 李旭. 以活性污泥为接种污泥厌氧氨氧化工艺的快速启动及脱氮效能[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3900-3907.
[13]	王超超, 吴翼伶, 陈嘉巧, 蔡天宁, 刘文如, 李祥, 吴鹏. 新型厌氧水解酸化-短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化工艺同步处理生活污水和含硝酸盐模拟废水[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3890-3899.
[14]	郭之晗, 徐云翔, 李天皓, 黄子川, 刘文如, 沈耀良. 好氧颗粒污泥长期稳定运行研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(5): 2686-2697.
[15]	汪宇光, 张星星, 王超超, 夏云康, 王垚, 周澄, 吴翼伶, 吴鹏, 徐乐中. 反硝化除磷+短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化工艺的深度脱氮除磷效能[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(4): 2191-2201.