离子液体催化α-烯烃聚合的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0823

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

离子液体催化剂具有易分离、可回收、能循环使用等优点，在α-烯烃聚合领域表现出巨大的潜力。本文首先介绍了离子液体的基本物化性质，简述了离子液体催化α-烯烃聚合的反应机理。之后以阳离子结构为基础，详细回顾了路易斯酸型离子液体在α-烯烃聚合反应中的应用，并对其催化活性和产物性质进行了分析。最后，对新型类离子液体催化剂的研究也进行了总结。从报道的结果来看，离子液体催化剂和类离子液体催化剂都已经能够实现较高的产物转化率，但是产物的选择性有待提高，仍然需要更多的实验探索。尽管短时间内还无法取代传统催化剂，但它们已经表现出巨大的应用前景，是未来的研究热点之一。

关键词: 离子液体, 催化剂, 聚合, 聚合物, α-烯烃

Abstract:

Compared with traditional catalysts, ionic liquid (IL) catalysts have the advantages of easy separation and recycling，which renders them great potential in the polymerization of α-olefins. This article introduces the basic properties of ILs and describes the reaction mechanism of α-olefin polymerization with ILs as catalyst. Then, the applications of Lewis acid ILs in the α-olefin polymerization are reviewed. The catalytic activity and product properties are analyzed. In addition, the researches of novel liquid coordination complexes (LCCs) also have been summarized. From the reported results, high conversions have been realized with ILs and LCCs as catalysts. However, the selectivity needs to be further improved with lots of experimental investigations. Although ILs and LCCs catalysts cannot replace the traditional catalysts at present, they have shown great application prospect，and will be one hotspot of future researches.

Key words: ionic liquid, catalysts, polymerization, polymers, α-olefin

中图分类号:

O643.3

李欢,刘依农. 离子液体催化α-烯烃聚合的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(2): 513-520.

Huan LI,Yinong LIU. Progress on ionic liquid catalyst for α-olefin polymerization[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(2): 513-520.

图/表 12

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离子液体	转化率/%	产物分布/%					参考文献
离子液体	转化率/%	C20	C30	C40	C50	C60	参考文献
1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑盐	74	21.07	52.28	20.96	5.39	—	[17]
1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐	83	8.13	46.18	26.19	14.78	4.72	[20]

离子液体	转化率/%	产物分布/%					参考文献
离子液体	转化率/%	C20	C30	C40	C50	C60	参考文献
1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑盐	74	21.07	52.28	20.96	5.39	—	[17]
1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐	83	8.13	46.18	26.19	14.78	4.72	[20]

循环次数	转化率/%	100℃运动黏度/mm²·s^-1	黏度指数
1	91.3	11.68	141
2	89.9	10.97	138
3	92.1	12.35	149
4	88.9	11.67	145
5	90.5	11.22	139
6	90.3	11.01	143

循环次数	转化率/%	100℃运动黏度/mm²·s^-1	黏度指数
1	91.3	11.68	141
2	89.9	10.97	138
3	92.1	12.35	149
4	88.9	11.67	145
5	90.5	11.22	139
6	90.3	11.01	143

离子液体	转化率/%	100℃运动黏度/mm²·s^-1	黏度指数	参考文献
1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑盐	—	5.30	148	[18]
1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑盐	86.9	≥10.34	143	[21]
N,N-二甲基咪唑盐	91.3	11.68	141	[22]