碳纳米管复合物纳米流体切削液的稳定性与强化换热

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0058

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将润滑剂硫化异丁烯（T321）填充到碳纳米管（CNTs）内以后制成复合物，再利用复合物制备了一种纳米流体切削液，研究了该纳米流体的分散稳定性、导热和黏度特性，分析了酸化处理时间、碳管微粒类型与浓度、表面活性剂、测试条件等对上述性能的影响。结果表明，T321填充CNTs时的填充率为25%左右，制备稳定分散纳米流体所需的两种表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）与吐温-80（TW-80）的最佳复配比例为3∶7，复配活性剂与碳管的最佳比例为5∶1。当CNTs的酸化处理时间为9h左右，且在充分、稳定分散的条件下，复合物可使基液的热导率提高110%，CNTs的形状因子对热导率的影响最为显著。所制备的纳米流体为一种非牛顿流体，当活性剂质量分数为0.5%左右时，其动力黏度最小。与普通CNTs所制备的纳米流体比，复合物纳米流体的热导率更高、黏度更小，这是由于在CNTs的开口与内部填充过程中，其表面被化学修饰，使复合物在基础液中具有更好的分散稳定性。

关键词: 碳纳米管, 复合材料, 非牛顿流体, 稳定性, 传热

Abstract:

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites filled with sulfurized isobutylene(T321) were synthesized, by which the cutting nanofluids used for machining were prepared. The dispersion stability, thermal conductivity and rheological property of the nanofluids were studied, and the effects of acidification time, nanoparticle type and content, surfactant and test conditions on these properties were analyzed. The results showed that the filling rate of the composites was about 25%, and the optimal ratio of the two combined surfactants of SDBS and TW-80 was 3∶7 for preparing the stably dispersed nanofluids, and the optimal ratio of the combined surfactant to the composite was 5∶1. When the acidification time of CNTs was about 9 hours and under fully and stable dispersed conditions, the heat conductivity of the base solution could be increased by 110% by the composite, and the shape factor of CNTs had a most significant influence on the heat conductivity. The nanofluid was a non-newtonian fluid, and its viscosity was the smallest when the content of the combined surfactant was about 0.5%. Compared with the nanofluid prepared by the ordinary CNTs, the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the composite nanofluid were higher and smaller mainly due to that the surface of the composite was chemically modified in the end opening and filling process, leading to the better dispersion stability of the composite in the base solution.

Key words: carbon nanotube, composites, non-newtonian fluids, stability, heat transfer

中图分类号:

TH17

关集俱,陈锦松,吕涛,许雪峰. 碳纳米管复合物纳米流体切削液的稳定性与强化换热[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(10): 4674-4683.

Jiju GUAN,Jinsong CHEN,Tao LÜ,Xuefeng XU. Stability and heat transfer enhancement of machining use nanofluids prepared by carbon nanotube composite[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(10): 4674-4683.

图/表 15

图1 CNTs复合物纳米流体切削液在切削区域的作用模型

图2 CNTs、酸化CNTs、T321以及CNTs复合物的红外光谱

图3 CNTs、酸化CNTs、复合物的TEM图像和复合物的一种分子模型

图4 CNTs、酸化处理后的CNTs和CNTs复合物的TG与DSC热重分析图

图5 所制备的CNTs复合物纳米流体和纳米流体分散的SEM图

表1 六种表面活性剂作用下酸化CNTs和CNTs复合物纳米流体稳定的吸光度值

碳管种类	吸光度
碳管种类	MOA-5	TW-80	OP-10	SDS-1	SDS-2	SDBS
酸化CNTs	0.314	1.352	1.041	0.827	1.347	1.335
CNTs复合物	0.302	1.432	1.068	0.894	1.408	1.426

表2 TW-80与两种阴离子表面活性剂复配时不同纳米流体的稳定吸光度值

纳米流体	不同复配比例纳米流体的吸光度
纳米流体	1∶9^①	3∶7^①	5∶5^①	7∶3^①	9∶1^①
SDS-2 + 酸化CNTs	1.404	1.456	1.525	1.505	1.459
SDS-2 + 复合物	1.489	1.516	1.567	1.498	1.501
SDBS + 酸化CNTs	1.512	1.524	1.502	1.442	1.403
SDBS + 复合物	1.612	1.698	1.597	1.514	1.497

图6 复配表面活性剂的质量分数对体系吸光度的影响

图7 碳管的质量分数和CNTs酸化处理时间对不同纳米流体吸光度的影响

图8 碳管和复配表面活性剂质量分数对纳米流体热导率的影响

图9 酸化处理时间和测试温度对纳米流体热导率的影响

图10 用H-C模型计算的理论值与实验值的比较

图11 转子转速和测试温度对纳米流体动力黏度的影响

图12 碳管和复配活性剂的质量分数对纳米流体动力黏度的影响

图13 酸化处理时间对纳米流体动力黏度的影响

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