SiO2气凝胶提高岩棉和玻璃棉性能的实验研究

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-2316

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以无水乙醇为溶剂，SiO₂气凝胶为溶质，制取SiO₂气凝胶改性溶液。采用浸润及常压干燥的方法制备岩棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板和玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板，研究不同质量分数的SiO₂气凝胶对复合板的短期吸水量、热导率及抗压强度的影响，并分析SiO₂气凝胶质量分数为8%时制备的岩棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板和玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板的改性效果，进而采用扫描电镜对复合板的微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明，SiO₂气凝胶均匀附着于无机纤维上，形成了较为稳定的复合体系；随着SiO₂气凝胶质量分数的不断增加，岩棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板和玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板的短期吸水量和热导率都逐渐减小，其抗压强度有一定的提升。比较改性后的岩棉和玻璃棉，后者的防水性能和抗压强度改善更明显。当SiO₂气凝胶质量分数达到8%时，岩棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板和玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板的短期吸水量较改性前分别下降了35.0%和36.2%，热导率分别下降了26.7%和18.3%，抗压强度分别提升了6.5%和102.9%。

关键词: SiO₂气凝胶, 溶液, 岩棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板, 玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板, 复合材料, 热导率

Abstract:

Modified silica aerogel solution was prepared with anhydrous ethanol as solvent and silica aerogel as solute. The rock wool/SiO₂ aerogel composite board and glass wool/SiO₂ aerogel composite board were prepared by infiltration and prevailing pressure drying. Firstly, the effects of different mass percentages of silica aerogel on short-term water absorption, thermal conductivity and compression strength of the two kinds of composite boards were studied. Secondly, the performance of the prepared composite boards was analyzed when the mass percentages of SiO₂ aerogel was 8%. Finally, the microstructure of the composite boards was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that SiO₂ aerogel was uniformly attached to the inorganic fibers to form a relatively stable composite system. With the increase of the mass fraction of SiO₂ aerogel, the short-term water absorption and thermal conductivity of the composite boards were gradually reduced, and the compression strength was increased. Compared with the modified rock wool, the modified glass wool had better waterproof performance and better compression strength. When the mass fraction of SiO₂ aerogel reached 8%, the short-term water absorption, the thermal conductivity and the compression strength of the rock wool/SiO₂ aerogel composite board and the glass wool/SiO₂ aerogel composite board decreased by 35.0% and 36.2%, 26.67% and 18.3% and increased by 6.5% and 102.9% respectively, in comparison with those of the original materials.

Key words: silica aerogel, solution, rock wool/SiO₂ aerogel combined board, glass wool/SiO₂ aerogel combined board, composites, thermal conductivity

中图分类号:

TU55⁺1

闫秋会, 孙晓阳, 罗杰任, 吴志菊, 周聪. SiO₂气凝胶提高岩棉和玻璃棉性能的实验研究[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(06): 2847-2853.

Qiuhui YAN, Xiaoyang SUN, Jieren LUO, Zhiju WU, Cong ZHOU. Experimental study on improving the performance of rock wool and glass wool by silica aerogel[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(06): 2847-2853.

图/表 7

图1 实验流程图

图2 岩棉/SiO2气凝胶和玻璃棉/SiO2气凝胶复合板的

图3 岩棉/SiO2气凝胶和玻璃棉/SiO2气凝胶复合板的热导率随SiO2气凝胶质量分数的变化

图4 岩棉/SiO2气凝胶和玻璃棉/SiO2气凝胶复合板的抗压强度随SiO2气凝胶质量分数的变化

图5 岩棉/SiO2气凝胶和玻璃棉/SiO2气凝胶复合板的成品形貌

图6 未改性的纯岩棉微观形貌

图7 不同放大倍数的岩棉/SiO2气凝胶复合板的纤维电镜

参考文献 22

1	LI D , HE J , LI L . A review of renewable energy applications in buildings in the hot-summer and warm-winter region of China[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 57:327-336.
2	李振宇, 黄格省, 黄晟 . 推动我国能源消费革命的途径分析[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(1):1-9.
	LI Z Y , HUANG G S , HUANAG S . Analysis on ways to promote energy consumption revolution in China[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2016, 35(1):1-9.
3	贾冠华，刘鹏，李珠 . 气凝胶/膨胀珍珠岩的制备及其微观特征对导热性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2018(3)：1039-1046.
	JIA G H , LIU P , LI Z . Preparation of aerogel /expanded perlite and effect of its microstructure on thermal conductivity[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2018(3) ：1039-1046.
4	胡验君, 苏振国, 杨金龙 . 建筑外墙外保温材料的研究与应用[J]. 材料导报, 2012, 26(s2):290-294.
	HU Y J , SU Z G ， YANG J L . Research status and application of external wall thermal insulation materials[J]. Materials Review,2012,26(s2):290-294.
5	朱群洲 . 无机保温材料在建筑外墙保温中的应用[J]. 工程技术(文摘版), 2016(6):00274.
	ZHU Q Z . Application of inorganic thermal insulation materials in building exterior wall insulation[J]. Engineering Technology, 2016(6):00274.
6	王岩, 王祎玮, 白锡庆,等 .墙体保温材料的现状及其发展趋势[J]. 天津建设科技, 2017, 27(1):1-3.
	WANG Y , WANG Y W , BAI X Q , et al . Current status and development trend of wall insulation materials[J]. Tianjin Construction Science and Technology, 2017, 27(1):1-3.
7	段远源, 林杰, 王晓东, 等 . 二氧化硅气凝胶的气相热导率模型分析[J]. 化工学报, 2012, 63(s1):54-58.
	DUAN Y Y , LIN J , WANG X D , et al . Analysis of gaseous thermal conductivity models for silica aerogels[J]. CIESC Journal, 2012, 63(s1):54-58.
8	方文振, 张虎, 屈肖迪, 等 . 遮光剂对气凝胶复合材料隔热性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(s1):168-174.
	FANG W Z , ZHANG H , QU X D , et al . Influence of opacifiers on thermal insulation properties of composite aerogels[J]. CIESC Journal, 2014, 65(s1):168-174.
9	何方, 吴菊英, 黃渝鸿, 等 . 影响二氧化硅气凝胶隔热涂料热导率的因素[J]. 化工进展, 2014, 33(8):2134-2139.
	HE F , WU J Y , HUANG Y H , et al . Effect of contents and sizes on the thermal conductivity of silica aerogel thermal insulation coatings[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2014, 33(8): 2134-2139.
10	姚鹏 . SiO₂气凝胶前驱制备及其在保温领域的改性研究[D].开封：河南大学, 2014.
	YAO P . SiO₂ aerogel precursor preparation and modification research in the field of insulation[D]. Kaifeng: Henan University,2014.
11	CUCE E , CUCE P M , WOOD C J , et al . Toward aerogel based thermal superinsulation in buildings: a comprehensive review[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 34(3):273-299.
12	韩金光, 李珠，贾冠华 . 膨胀珍珠岩的纳米气凝胶改性及其应用[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2016, 16(12):136-140.
	HAN J G , LI Z , JIA G H . Expanded perlite modified by nano aerogel and its application[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2016,16(12):136-140.
13	HOSEINI A , MCCAGUE C , ANDISHEH-TADBIR M , et al . Aerogel blankets: from mathematical modeling to material characterization and experimental analysis[J]. International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 2016, 93:1124-1131.
14	余煜玺, 吴晓云, 伞海生 . 常压干燥制备疏水性SiO₂-玻璃纤维复合气凝胶及表征[J]. 材料工程, 2015, 43(8):31-36.
	YU Y X , WU X Y , SAN H S . Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic SiO₂-glass fibers aerogels via ambient pressure drying[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2015, 43(8):31-36.
15	石小靖, 张瑞芳, 何松,等 . 玻璃纤维增SiO₂气凝胶复合材料的制备及隔热性能[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2016, 44(1):129-135.
16	SHI X J , ZHANG R F , HE S , et al . Synthesis and heat insulation performance of glass fiber reinforced SiO₂ aerogel composites[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2016, 44(1):129-135.
17	吴会军, 梁雄龙，陈奇良,等 . 整体成型法制备气凝胶隔热保温复合材料[J]. 广州大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 14(6):36-40.
	WU H J , LIANG X L , CHEN Q L , et al . Preparation of aerogel composites by monolithic forming method for thermal insulation[J]. Journal of Guangzhou University (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 14(6):36-40.
18	PADMANABHAN S K , HAQ E U, LICCIULLI A . Synthesis of silica cryogel-glass fiber blanket by vacuum drying[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(6):7216-7222.
19	马佳, 沈晓冬, 崔升,等 . 纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料的制备和低温性能[J]. 材料导报, 2015, 29(20):43-46.
	MA J, SHEN X D , CUI S , et al . Preparation and low-temperature properties of fiber reinforced SiO₂ aerogel composites[J]. Materials Review, 2015, 29(20):43-46.
20	王晓杰 . SiO₂气凝胶的快速合成及其复合隔热材料研究[D].大连：大连工业大学, 2013.
	WANG X J . Rapid synthesis of silica aerogel and its composite heat insulation materials[D]. Dalian：Dalian Polytechnic University, 2013.
21	杨斌, 章继峰, 梁文彦,等 . 玻璃纤维表面纳米SiO₂改性对GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响[J]. 复合材料学报, 2015, 32(3): 691-698.
	YANG B ， ZHANG J F , LIANG W Y , et al . Effects of glass fiber surface modified by nano-SiO₂ on mechanical properties of GF/PCBT composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2015, 32(3): 691-698.
22	刘洪丽, 安国庆, 何翔,等 . 硅藻土/SiO₂气凝胶复合材料的制备[J]. 新型建筑材料, 2018(5)：121-124,130.
	LIU H L , AN G Q , HE X , et al . Preparation of diatomite/SiO₂ aerogel composites[J]. New Building Materials,2018(5)：121-124,130.

[1]	赵晨, 苗天泽, 张朝阳, 洪芳军, 汪大海. 负压状态窄缝通道乙二醇水溶液传热特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 148-157.
[2]	张明焱, 刘燕, 张雪婷, 刘亚科, 李从举, 张秀玲. 非贵金属双功能催化剂在锌空气电池研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 276-286.
[3]	胡喜, 王明珊, 李恩智, 黄思鸣, 陈俊臣, 郭秉淑, 于博, 马志远, 李星. 二硫化钨复合材料制备与储钠性能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 344-355.
[4]	林晓鹏, 肖友华, 管奕琛, 鲁晓东, 宗文杰, 傅深渊. 离子聚合物-金属复合材料（IPMC）柔性电极的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4770-4782.
[5]	于静文, 宋璐娜, 刘砚超, 吕瑞东, 武蒙蒙, 冯宇, 李忠, 米杰. 一种吲哚基超交联聚合物In-HCP对水中碘的吸附作用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3674-3683.
[6]	俞俊楠, 俞建峰, 程洋, 齐一搏, 化春键, 蒋毅. 基于深度学习的变宽度浓度梯度芯片性能预测[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3383-3393.
[7]	单雪影, 张濛, 张家傅, 李玲玉, 宋艳, 李锦春. 阻燃型环氧树脂的燃烧数值模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3413-3419.
[8]	于志庆, 黄文斌, 王晓晗, 邓开鑫, 魏强, 周亚松, 姜鹏. B掺杂Al₂O₃@C负载CoMo型加氢脱硫催化剂性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3550-3560.
[9]	杨竞莹, 施万胜, 黄振兴, 谢利娟, 赵明星, 阮文权. 改性纳米零价铁材料制备的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 2975-2986.
[10]	许春树, 姚庆达, 梁永贤, 周华龙. 氧化石墨烯/碳纳米管对几种典型高分子材料的性能影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3012-3028.
[11]	朱雅静, 徐岩, 简美鹏, 李海燕, 王崇臣. 金属有机框架材料用于海水提铀的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3029-3048.
[12]	张宁, 吴海滨, 李钰, 李剑锋, 程芳琴. 漂浮型光催化材料的制备及其在水处理领域的应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2475-2485.
[13]	陈飞, 刘成宝, 陈丰, 钱君超, 邱永斌, 孟宪荣, 陈志刚. g-C₃N₄基超级电容器用电极材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2566-2576.
[14]	刘念, 陈葵, 武斌, 纪利俊, 吴艳阳, 韩金玲. 蛋黄-壳介孔磁性炭微球的制备及其对红霉素的高效吸附[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2724-2732.
[15]	贺山明, 潘界昌, 徐国钻, 李文君, 梁勇. 粗钨酸钠溶液亚铁盐沉淀法除铬、钒的热力学分析及实验验证[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 2171-2179.

SiO₂气凝胶提高岩棉和玻璃棉性能的实验研究

Experimental study on improving the performance of rock wool and glass wool by silica aerogel

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 22

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价