离子交换膜的发展态势与应用展望

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.06.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于离子交换膜的电膜技术,由于其独特的离子传递特性,可以用于离子物系的分离、分级,在清洁生产、节能减排、能量转换等方面有着广泛的应用前景。本文综述了离子交换膜的制备、应用过程以及组件设计等方面的前沿性进展,并对亟待解决的问题和未来的发展方向作了展望。关于膜的制备,提出了从二相到三相、从致密到微孔的新型离子交换膜结构,开发了电纳滤膜并用于一价或多价离子的分离,通量和选择性均得到提高,实现了膜功能的多样化。在应用过程中,实现了扩散渗析和电渗析过程的集成,分离效果优越,生产成本降低。同时对膜组件进行优化,设计开发出新型的卷式组件,克服了传统板式组件的诸多缺陷。值得一提的是,离子分离膜的应用领域也由初级水处理扩展到复杂物料的分离与纯化。以上研究成果将为离子交换膜的发展提供指导,加快其工业化进程。

关键词: 离子交换, 电渗析, 扩散渗析, 电纳滤, 传质, 分离

Abstract: Due to the special ion transfer characteristic in ion exchange membranes (IEMs),the processes based on them such as electrodialysis and diffusion dialysis can achieve the separation and classification of the ions,which are found more and more important applications in the clean production,energy-saving and emission reducing,etc. This paper reviews the frontier progress in the preparation,application of IEMs and the corresponding modules. Additionally,the problems to be solved and the future development are also directed. For the membrane preparation,the novel IEMs structures such as the three phase structure derived from two phase structure,the porous structure derived from dense structure and the electro-nanofiltration are developed herein. The obtained membranes exhibit both high flux and high selectivity,diversifying membrane functions. For the applications of IEMs,the integration of electrodialysis and diffusion dialysis is reported,resulting in better separation effect and lower cost. In the meantime,the membrane module is optimized and a novel spiral wound membrane module is developed,which has overcome the drawbacks of traditional plate counterpart. It is worth mentioning that the application fields of IEMs are also expanded from primary water treatment to the separation and purification of complex waste solutions. The progress proposed in this manuscript will guide for the development of IEMs and will undoubtedly speed up their industrialization.

Key words: ion exchange, electrodialysis, diffusion dialysis, electro-nanofiltration, mass transfer, separation

中图分类号:

TQ028

葛倩倩, 葛亮, 汪耀明, 徐铜文. 离子交换膜的发展态势与应用展望[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(06): 1774-1785.

GE Qianqian, GE Liang, WANG Yaoming, XU Tongwen. Perspective in ion exchange membranes[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2016, 35(06): 1774-1785.

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