褐煤腐植酸的结构、组成及性质的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2015.08.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 综述了从褐煤中提取腐植酸的方法、腐植酸结构、组成以及生产腐植酸磷肥的研究进展。预处理褐煤可提高腐植酸的萃取率,但需要解决其经济性问题。常用气相渗透压法和凝胶渗透色谱测定表观相对分子质量,质谱法和流动场流分离技术测定相对分子质量是研究热点。腐植酸的超分子结构是由小分子簇形成。腐植酸主要由芳香酸和酚组成,热解-气相色谱-质谱是研究腐植酸组成的主要方法,为避免极性化合物的影响,实验时常加入四甲基氢氧化铵。电泳法常被称作腐植酸的指纹信息,用做腐植酸分类。腐植酸和金属离子的络合作用受pH值影响较大,腐植酸－金属－磷酸盐络合物是腐植酸磷肥的主要成分,可减少土壤中磷的固定,增加植物吸收磷的有效性,是腐植酸领域的研究热点。

关键词: 褐煤, 腐植酸, 肥料, 磷酸盐

Abstract: This paper reviews the extraction methods of humic acid from lignite, the structure, chemical composition and characteristics of humic acid, and the production of humic acid fertilizer. Oxidative pretreatment of coal can increase the extractability of humic acid, but needs to improve its economic potential. The apparent molecular masses are determined by gel permeation chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. Mass spectrometry and flow field flow fractionation applied to molecular masses measurement has recently received great attention. Humic acid are supramolecular associations of diverse, relatively low molecular mass. Humic acid is mainly composed of aromatic acids and phenolic compound. Humic acid has been characterized by using tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Electrophoretic patters are often called fingerprints and can potentially be used for the classification. Phosphate-metal-humic (P-M-HA) complexes are the main component of humic acid fertilizer, and are able to decrease phosphate fixation in soils and increase phosphate uptake, which is a research hotspot in the area of humic acid.

Key words: lignite, humic acid, fertilisers, phosphate

中图分类号:

TQ444.6

李艳红, 庄锐, 张政, 赵文波, 王平艳, 夏举佩, 李国斌. 褐煤腐植酸的结构、组成及性质的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2015, 34(08): 3147-3157.

LI Yanhong, ZHUANG Rui, ZHANG Zheng, ZHAO Wenbo, WANG Pingyan, XIA Jupei, LI Guobin. Research on the structure, chemical composition and characterization of humic acid from lignite[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2015, 34(08): 3147-3157.

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