With the increase of carbon dioxide（CO₂）concentration in the atmosphere，global warming problems are becoming more and more serious in recent years. Methanol synthesis from CO₂ hydrogenation is an efficient way for the recycle of CO₂. This process is of great significance from the viewpoint of environmental protection and utilization of renewable energy，and the catalyst plays a key role in the catalytic process. The recent progresses made in the field of catalyst for CO₂ hydrogenation were presented in terms of the component，the preparation method and the reaction mechanism. The nature of the active site in the catalyst was analyzed and the roles of carrier and promoter were summarized. A comparison and comment including the merit and/or the defect of different preparation methods for catalyst was made. Moreover，the reaction mechanisms were summarized and discussed. Based on the problems currently existing in the studies，the further research work should be focused on the investigation of reaction mechanism and the innovation of catalyst preparation method.

As a new micro-particle granulation technology，supercritical anti-solvent has been widely used in many fields. The fundamental principles，apparatus compositions and operation modes of supercritical anti-solvent technology were introduced briefly. The development and optimization process of granulation device of gas anti-solvent（GAS），aerosol solvent extraction system（ASES），solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids（SDES）and supercritical fluid anti-solvent- atomization（SAA）were analyzed from the evolution of the nozzle components of this apparatus. Meanwhile，the prospect in device developing，such as multi-function of the device，further optimization of the nozzle and the crystallization vessel visualization were addressed.

With the increasing requirement on energy utilization，synthesis and optimization of heat exchanger network have been obtained great interests. The recent developments of the application of random search algorithms in heat exchanger network optimization are reviewed in this paper. Four main stochastic searching techniques including genetic algorithm，simulated annealing algorithm，particle swarm algorithm，and tabu search algorithm are introduced，and the strength and weakness of these algorithms are further discussed，respectively. And a promising research direction to solve a large scale heat-exchanger network optimization problem by using a hybrid algorithm is presented.

The cavern formation in pseudoplastic fluid exists widely in stirred tank under laminar flow conditions，which is extremely harmful for mass and heat transfer in pseudoplastic fluid，and is an evident for shear- thinning rheological properties. Three mathematical models for predicting the cavern dimensions are spherical model，cylindrical model and toroidal model. Moreover, the progress of the current researches in cavern shape and dimensions development with different impellers is reviewed. These researches have indicated that the cylindrical model（EN model）is better representation of cavern shape and dimensions development in pseudoplastic fluid versus Reynolds number, and the cavern boumdary velocity was determined as 0.01 U_tip at the meantime. The study on the cavern development and flow characteristics in pseudoplastic fluid by computational fluid dynamics（CFD）approach is a certain trend.

The flow-induced vibration of tube bundles in heat exchangers seriously affects the operation safety. This paper presents the research progress in the field of vibration mechanism of tube bundles in recent years. Due to vibration damage，the average service life of heat transfer tube is only half of its design life. Based on the systematic analysis，the corresponding anti-vibration measures are proposed. As the design trend of heat exchanger is to get large-scale and high-spead shell-side flow the flow-induced vibration of tube bundles stands out as one of the decisive factors to extend the service life of heat exchanger. This paper pointed out that the future research should be focused on the reason of flow-induced vibration of tube bundles，and the more effective protective measures should be proposed，which is of some significance to the actual design of heat exchanger.

In order to achieve the surface preparation techniques that promoted the formation of dropwise condensation heat transfer，Ni-P coating on carbon steel by electroless plating，and its condensation heat transfer performance were studied. The results showed that complete dropwise condensation was achieved on the surface of Ni-P electroless coating，the heat flux and heat transfer coefficient was 3 to 5 times higher than the values calculated by Nusselt film theory. Meantime，it was found that the amorphous of coating was the main reason for promoting the formation of dropwise condensation heat transfer. The co-existence state of dropwise and filmwise was obtained when the coating was crystallized by heat treatment.

In this paper，a study of precoat filtration with cellulose filter aid added to high viscosity materials is presented. Different precoat filtration conditions greatly affect the filtration performance of a precoat cake layer. Specific resistance，compressibility coefficient and porosity of cellulose cake layer were studied by changing precoat pressure and concentration. Experimental results show that the specific resistance of cellulose precoat layer increases as pressure drop increases and decreases as concentration increases；the porosity of cellulose precoat layer decreases as pressure drop increases and increases as concentration increases；the compressibility coefficient of cellulose precoat layer increases as concentration increases. Cellulose filter aid is moderately compressible material. The cellulose precoat layer has high porosity. The results provide a reference for engineering applications of precoat filtration with cellulose added to high viscosity materials.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells require the CO content in hydrogen-rich fuel feed less than 10 ?L/L. CO preferential oxidation is an effective method for the deep removal of CO. A fixed bed reactor for CO preferential oxidation was designed and developed. The influence of catalyst loading pattern，CO space velocity and O2 to CO molar ratio on reactor performance was experimentally investigated. The experimental results showed that a three-layers loading of catalyst diluted by γ-Al2O3 powder favored the reactor performance. The outlet CO concentration was reduced to 7 ?L/L when the O2 to CO molar ratio was 2.8. The outlet CO concentration was maintained less than 10 ?L/L and the catalyst bed temperature distribution was uniform during a 20-hours continuous operation of the reactor.

The atomized droplet size distribution of pressure swirl nozzle was obtained through Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence（PLIF）method in different liquid flows. The theoretical droplet size distribution was predicted using the three parameter maximum entropy model，which was constrained by average droplet size. The predictive distribution was fitted with the experimental result，and the general expression of generalized gamma function parameter α was obtained with the different liquid flows. Then，the characteristics and laws of droplet size distribution were summarized through the fitted model. The results show that the fitted model can well predict the number distribution and was not affected by small droplets. With the increase of liquid flow，droplet size distribution range becomes narrow，peak droplet size reduces linearly and the percentage of peak droplet size increases linearly.

Due to the need for environmentally sustainable energy sources，lignocellulosic biomass is considered as raw material in the production of bioethanol used as liquid fuel. Bamboo，with cellulose and hemicellulose as its main components，is a kind of fast growth and cheap renewable resource for bioethanol production. At present，three critical steps are mainly focused on in the research on bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass，which are pretreatment，enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. And the efficiency and the energy cost of the pretreatment technology are crucial limitations to bioethanol production. Based on the review of key techniques for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass，especially pretreatment for bamboo，the chemical composition and the structure of bamboo，advantages and disadvantages of various physical，chemical and biological pretreatments，along with the latest pretreatment methods，were analyzed. The power requirement of mechanical comminuting pretreatment is relatively high depending on the final particle size and the biomass characteristics. Though steam explosion pretreatment has gained great interest，its main problem is the lack of industrial scale equipment. Chemical pretreatment easily leads to environment pollution. The main drawbacks of biological method are its long pretreating cycle and low hydrolysis rate obtained in most biological materials compared to other technologies. The use of ionic liquids as solvents for the pretreatment of lingocellulosic biomass has recently indicated efficient effect. Therefore，further research is needed to improve the economics of ionic liquids pretreatment before they can be applied at industrial scale. A very balanced and intelligent combination of pretreatment process has to be selected to maximize the efficiency of bioethanol production. And we believed that with the unceasing research work，the bioethanol production from bamboo will be competitive economically and environmental friendly in the future.

Polypyrrole modified Nafion membranes（PPy/Nafion）are prepared by FeCl3 oxidation methods. In addition，Co is chemically reduced on the cathode side of the modified membrane to prepare Co-PPy/Nafion membrane. The thermal stability，methanol penetrability and proton conductivity of Nafion membranes and the modified membranes are studied by TG，CV and AC impedance. Results show that PPy/Nafion and Co-PPy/Nafion have better thermal stability and low methanol permeation than Nafion membrance. Membrane-electrode-assemblies（MEAs）for a DMFC are fabricated by using Nafion membranes，PPy/Nafion and Co-PPy/Nafion respectively，with PtRu/C as an anode catalyst and Pt/C as a cathode catalyst. It is found that the modification of Nafion membrane with Co-polypyrrole can improve the performance of MEA to a great extent when the cell is operated at higher methanol concentrations and higher discharging current densities.

Based on the oxidative carbonylation mechanism of cuprous chloride, copper chloride，and copper zeolite catalysts，new research progress in heterogeneous catalysts, including category, structure，activity center and preparation are summarized. Their catalytic performances are analyzed respectively. The activity and stability of cobalt catalysts are improved by sol-gel technique and encapsulated in zeolite. For palladium and copper catalysts，the methanol conversion is increased and the loss of chlorine is suppressed after the modification of supports and the addition of appropriate promoters. Chlorine-free copper catalysts can avoid equipment corrosion，but there is some decrease in catalytic activity and selectivity of DMC. Finally，by utilizing variety of modern characterization and analysis techniques，the surface process can be studied to understand the mechanism of methanol carbonylation deeply, so that real innovations and breakthroughs can be made in the design and the development of catalysts.

Y-doped TiO₂support was preparedby sol-gel method，followed by the impregnation of Mn oxides loading toform Mn-Y/TiO₂catalyst.The effects of calcination temperature andspace velocity onthe performancein thecatalytic reduction ofNO were studied. And the poisoned performance of anti-SO₂，H₂O was also investigated. The resultsshowed that the optimal calcination temperature was 500 ℃，catalytic activity increased with the decrease of GHSV. XRD analysis indicates that Ydoping could restrainthe transfer fromanatasephase to rutile，provide better dispersion of active components on catalyst surface，and therefore，increase the catalytic activity. The anti-poisoned performance of Mn-Y/TiO₂ was better than Mn-Y/TiO₂，under the condition of temperature 180 ℃，space velocity14000 h^-1，the oxygen content3%，NOconcentration 600 mL/LandNH₃/NO，NO conversion was improved from 48.2% of Mn/TiO₂ to 57.6%. Y doping could enhanced the anti-poisoned capability. FTIR analysis showed that the catalyst poisoning may result from the generation of ammonium sulfate or manganese，yttrium sulfate.

In this paper，the TiO₂ nanotube arrays were successfully applied to photocatalytic degradation aniline. The factors that influence photocatalytic degradation aniline were also investigated. The results showed that the optimal reaction condition is UV wavelength irradiation of 254 nm，reaction time of 120 min and pH of 9，under which the ratio of degradation of aniline reached 87%. Furthermore，the TiO₂ nanotube arrays’ photocatalytic degradation activity was improved validly when Fe³⁺，Cu²⁺ and H₂O₂ oxides were added into the reaction system，and the degradation rate was improved by 42%，31% and 19%. Possible mechanisms for photocatalytic degradation aniline with TiO₂ nanotube were proposed.

Applications of ferriferrous oxide nanomaterials in magnetic materials，multifunctional materials，catalysts and medical field are described in this paper. Preparation methods of ferriferrous oxide nanometerials，including precipitation method，sol-gel method，micro-emulsion method，hydrothermal and solvothermal method，thermal decomposition method and electrospinning method，are introduced. Applied fields of ferriferrous oxide nanomaterials with various morphologies，such as nanoparticles，nanorods，nanowire，nanofilm，hybrid and core-shell nanomaterials are discussed. In this paper the advances of these methods are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Moreover，combining with our work on the preparation of ferriferrous oxide nanomaterials，the development trends of these fabrication methods are also proposed：the preparation of ferriferrous oxide nanometerials with special morphologies，the decrease of agglomeration and the oxidation of ferriferrous oxide nanometerials，the combination of several preparation methods and a way to realize industrial production.

Nano-sized magnetic TiO₂ is a kind of excellent photocatalytic material due to its good performance in additional magnetic field. In this paper, the recent progress in magnetic materials of two components, three components, modified nuclear and hollow millirod structure was introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of coated material in different structures were elaborated. Solutions to different disadvantages were also summarized. Nano-sized magnetic TiO₂ recovery and photocatalyst efficiency were introduced. It was provided a reference for catalyst recovery, photocatalyst and magnetic property improvement through the influence factors of different structural photocatalytic materials.

Microencapsulated phase change materials（MicroPCMs）were synthesized through suspension polymerization using poly（methyl methacrylate）as the shell and ethylene glycole distearate（EGDS）as the core，and then the chemical structure，morphology，thermal storage and stability of microcapsules were investigated by FTIR，scanning electron microscope（SEM），differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）and thermogravimetry analysis（TGA）. When the addition amounts of BPO and DMA were 1%，0.2% respectively，the surface morphology of microcapsules with diameter in the range of 1—5 μm were perfect and the thermal stability of MicroPCMs was good. The thermal properties of the microcapsules revealed that the largest content of the core material was up to 64.6 %，and the phase change enthalpy of microPCMs was about 85.34 J/g.

In this paper，the in virto degradation behavior of PHB/PLLA[poly (?-hydroxybutyrate)/ poly (L-lactide)] blends and PHB/PLLA/PEO [poly (?-hydroxybutyrate)/poly (L-lactide)/poly (ethylene oxide)] blends was studied by changing weight retention，thermal properties，the morphology of PHB/PLLA and PHB/PLLA/PEO patch in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)/ lysozme at 37 ℃. It was founded that the degradation rates of PHB was not affected by PLLA，whereas PEO adding to PHB/PLLA blends led to the acceleration of PHB and PLLA degradability，so the degradation rate of PHB/PLLA was accelerated.

Oxygen-containing hypercrosslinked resin（OCHR）was prepared with benzyl alcohol and chloromethyl methyl ether（CME）. Its chemical structure and micromorphology were characterized by IR，elemental analysis and BET methods.The results showed that the specific surface area and content of O of resin OCHRwere up to 525 m²/g and 6.5%，respectively. The adsorption isotherms of resin OCHR and XAD-4 for phenol were measured in aqueous solution，and owing to the efficacy of hydrogen bond, the adsorption capacity ofOCHR was about 2.20 times as high as that of XAD-4 under the same experimental conditions.

The γ-Al2O3 carrier with large pore diameter and appropriate pore size distribution was prepared by using carbon black as an enlarge agent. The effects of carbon black types，content and dispersion in the γ-Al2O3 power，such as the chemical properties and content of surfactant dispersant，on the pore distribution of γ-Al2O3 were studied. The results showed that dispersant agents，favoring the carbon black dispersion，could reduce the amount of carbon black and benefit the pore enlargement. By combining dispersant agents and sonication，the pore size distribution could be concentrated at 6nm and 10—20 nm（or 20—30 nm）with only 10% carbon black.

Polystyrene（PS）emulsion was obtained from an emulsion polymerization process，and then the as-prepared emulsion was added into polytetrafluoroethylene（PTFE）emulsion with different volume ratio to form hybrid emulsion. The films were prepared by dip-withdrawing method. While the volume ratio of PS emulsion to PTFE was 0.6，after being dried at 80 ℃ and heat-treated at 330 ℃ and 420 ℃，the films exhibited a superhydrophobic property. The water contact angle of the films could reach to 152.4°. Field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM），Jupiter simultaneous thermal analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer（FTIR）were applied to analyze the morphology and the structure of the surface.

Ni-SDC as the anode materials for SOFC，the products in the preparation process and in 5% H₂S-N₂ was studied thermodynamically. The results show that the products of NiO-SDC sintered at 800 ℃ and reduction at 850 ℃ were consistent with the results of thermodynamic analysis. Compared with the XRD spectrums of Ni-SDC before and after exposure in 5% H₂S-N₂ at 800 ℃ for 12 h，Ni was converted to NiS₂，which consented to the conclusion of thermodynamics. Compared with the Raman spectrums of Ni-SDC and SDC before and after exposure in 5% H₂S-N₂ at 800 ℃ for 12 h，a conclusion can be drawn that the main peaks is not changed but the intensity is diminished，the possible reason is the formation of Ce—O—S when the anode is exposed in a high concentration H₂S.

Anion exchange membrane is the key of alkaline direct methanol fuel cell (ADMFC). A series of quarternized hydroxyethylcellulose（QHEC）and quaternized poly (vinyl alcohol)(QPVA) blend anion exchange membranes were produced by mixing QPVA and QHEC at different ratios，hot crosslinked and characterized. The morphology of the blend membranes showed that its structure was compact and uniform.TG-DSC showed that the blend membranes were stable below 300 ℃. The conductivity of the composite membrane increased with the content increasing of quaternized poly（vinyl alcohol）and temperature. It was between 2.0×10－2 s/cm and 7.8×10－2 s/cm. The QHEC membrane has good impediment effect to the methanol and the lowest methanol permeability of QHEC membrane was 2.49×10－6 cm2/s at 20 ℃. With the increase of QPVA contents，the methanol permeability of blend membranes would increase slightly.

In this study，a hydrothermal method has been used to investigate the solidification of clinoptilolite，particularly focusing on the effects of hydrothermal curing time and amount of distill water on specimens’ properties. The hydrothermal hardening mechanism of clinoptilolite is studied through X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transforms infrared analysis. The results showed that experimental conditions of 30 MPa pressure，0.8 calcium silicon ratio，10% water content and 12 hours curing time under 200 ℃，will make the flexural strength of clinoptilolite achieve maximum，and the mechanism analysis showed that tobermorite played an important role in the flexural strength development of clinoptilolite in the hydrothermal process.

In situ product recovery（ISPR）technology is nowadays regarded to be able to alleviate efficiently the inhibition of ethanol on yeast cell viability in the process of fermentation. Besides，ISPR technology has the advantage of low energy consumption in comparison with the traditional distillation method for the recovery of bio-ethanol from its fermentation broth. This paper is focused on the methodologies based on the ISPR of bio-ethanol coupled with adsorption separation process. The commonly used adsorbents（zeolite，silicalite，activated carbon，resin，biosorbent，et al.），desorption methods（thermal desorption，microwave irradiation desorption）and coupling modes（in situ internal coupling，external recycling coupling）used in the production of bio-ethanol are summarized and reviewed. More attention should be focused on developing desirable adsorbents and choosing appropriate desorption methods in the future.

2-phenylethanol（2-PEA）is an aromatic alcohol with rose fragrance，which has been widely used as an essence component in fine chemical and food industries. Compared with the low quality 2-PEA by chemical synthesis and the low yield and high price 2-PEA by plant extraction，2-PEA production by microbial conversion has been increasingly valued，but the product inhibition of 2-PEA to microbes is a problem. In situ product removal（ISPR）techniques can effectively improve 2-PEA yield by reducing product inhibition. The progress of ISPR techniques used in 2-PEA production by microbial conversion was introduced including the extraction，adsorption and membrane-based pervaporation and penetration extraction. The combination of ISPR techniques，high-efficient fermentation process and strain screening for high yield，the development of relatively simple instruments and post-processing techniques are suggested to be the research focus，so as to significantly improve the yield of 2-PEA and realize the industrialization of 2-PEA production by microbial conversion.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was entrapped in a mixture of 2% SA，and 4%CaCl₂. The mechanical strength of SA-CaCl₂ immobilized beads，and the effects of adsorption treatment conditions，such as pH，temperature，Sr²⁺ initial concentration and reaction time，on the adsorptive capacity were investigated. The results show that the mechanical strength of immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae is higher at 10% Saccharomyces cerevisiae，the optimal adsorption condition for immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae is as follows：pH 4.5，temperature 30 ℃，Sr²⁺ initial concentration 50 mg/L，adsorption time 4 h. The sorption process of Sr²⁺ is in accordance with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm when the concentration of Sr²⁺ is 10—150 mg/L，but complies with Freundlich model better.

A lipase-producing strain of CF-12，which could used as the selective kinetic resolution of (R,S)-2-hydroxy-4-Ethyl benzene [(R,S)-HPBE]，was isolated from a variety of rich oil soil. It was identified as Serratia sp. by its morphological，physiological properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The preferred carbon source，nitrogen source and metal ion were sucrose（5 g/L），yeast powder（10 g/L），and Mg²⁺（0.75 mmol/L），respectively. After 24 h cultivation，the lipase activity was 20.1 U/mL. The optimal reaction temperature and pH were 40 ℃ and 7.0，respectively. After 15 h resolution by crude enzyme powder，(R)-HPBE could be obtained with the yield of 39.6% and e.e. of 90.8%.

Through alkoxylation and catalytic hydrogenation reduction reaction，4,6-diethoxy phenylenediamine（DEDAB）was synthesized from 1,5-dichloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene（DCDNB）and the experimental conditions，such as materials ratio，reaction temperature and reaction time，were investigated. Proper experimental condition for alkoxylation reaction were found as：n(1,5-dichloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene)∶n(NaOH)∶n(anhydrous C₂H₅OH)= 1∶4∶30，room temperature，reaction time 7 h，under which the yield of 1,5-diethoxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene （DEDNB） was 96.43% based on DCDNB and the purity was 99.74% as determined by HPLC；proper catalytic hydrogenation reduction reaction conditions were found as：n(1,5-diethoxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene)∶n(anhydrous C₂H₅OH)= 1∶44，w(10% Pd/C)∶w(DEDNB)=10%，reaction temperature 110 ℃，reaction time 7 h，pressure of hydrogen 1.5 MPa，under which the yield of DEDAB was 95.42% based on DEDNB and the purity was 98.87% as determined by HPLC. The molecular structures of product and its intermediates were identified by ¹H NMR，MS and FTIR.

Diethyl thiodiglycolate was efficiently synthesized via the nucleophilic substitution of ethyl chloroacetate with Na2S•3H2O. The effects of molar ratio of Na2S•3H2O to ethyl chloroacetate，solvent and reaction temperature on the reaction rate and product yield were investigated. The maximum yield of diethyl thiodiglycolate reached 81.3% with a purity of 99% when the reaction was carried out with a molar ratio of Na2S•3H2O to ethyl chloroacetate of 0.75∶1 in 250 mL cyclohexane under reflux at 81 ℃ for 4 h. And the recovery rate of cyclohexane is more than 80%.

An environmentally friendly synthesis approach of glycerol carbonate with low glycerol residue was evaluated by using glycerol and urea as raw materials. The effects of catalyst structure and reaction condition on the conversion of glycerol were investigated. The results showed that the zinc sulfate calcined at 390 ℃ for 3 h had the highest activity. The glycerol content in product can be reduced by the combination of batch reaction of glycerol with urea and then with dimethylcarbonate，by which the glycerol content in the glycerol carbonate is lower to 0.6%，and the synthesis cost of glycerol carbonate is reduced as well.

The high voltage discharge can produce low-temperature plasma and induce both physical and chemical processes. The processing technology has the comprehensive action of high-energy electron，ultraviolet light，ozone etc. The technology that integrates light，electronic and chemical oxidation into one process has a good development prospect in wastewater treatment. In this paper，the degradation processes and mechanism of organic wastewater by low temperature plasma technology are introduced. The research status and development trend of pulsed corona discharge，dielectric barrier discharge，glow discharge and gliding arc discharge plasma for organic wastewater treatment at home and abroad are summarized. The current main existing problems include single treatment object orientedand high processing cost. In the future，the study about this technique should be focused on the optimization process，the reduction of the processing cost and energy consumption，so that this technology can be applied to practical wastewater treatment as soon as possible.

PAMAM dendrimer with special structure and properties is used in water treatment. It is efficient and innoxious as a water treatment agent. This paper summarizes the application research of PAMAM dendrimer on the removing of heavy metal ions，dye and silicon scale in water treatment. pH of solution，acting time，PAMAM dendrimer generation all have effects on treatment efficiency in the PAMAM dendrimer treatment of water. Besides，it can be regenerated when it is used to the removing of heavy metal ions. At last，this paper discusses the problems of PAMAM dendrimer in water treatment and predicts that the scope of application in water treatment could be further expanded by modifying PAMAM dendrimer or synthesizing new dendrimers in the future.

The H₂S adsorption breakthrough time and breakthrough capacity of industrial activated carbons which were untreated，modified by NaOH，Na₂CO₃，Fe(NO₃)₃，Cu(AC)₂ impregnant respectively，and treated by oxidation sulfur bacteria biofilm were compared under the same condition. The results indicated that the activated carbon modified by NaOH was significantly better than any other modifier under the same condition. Compared with the modifier at different concentration of NaOH，the activated carbon modified by 20% NaOH had the best effect on the removal of hydrogen sulfide. The breakthrough time and the breakthrough capacity were 78.25 mg/g and 2000 min above respectively. After the oxidation sulfur bacteria biofilm was formed on the modified activated carbon，which had certain effect on the removal of hydrogen sulfide. The saturated activated carbon modified by NaOH can be regenerated by oxidation sulfur bacteria biofilm，and achieve 100% on the removal of hydrogen sulfide. The activated carbon treated by oxidation sulfur bacteria biofilm has a good effect on the removal of hydrogen sulfide.

Researches on the precipitation of calcium and magnesium from seawater have been carried out using CO₂. The precipitation in the seawater，Mg-free seawater and Ca-free seawater system have been studied at pH value between 8.0 and 9.0. It was found that the removal rate of calcium can reach 90% when the pH value is between 8.0 and 9.0. Meanwhile，the removal rate of magnesium can reach 10% to 60%. In the Mg-free seawater system，the removal rate of calcium can reach 99% when the pH value is between 8.0 and 9.0. In the Ca-free seawater system，there is no precipitation between pH 8.0 and 8.3. The removal rate of magnesium can reach 60% when the pH value is between 8.5 and 9.0. The precipitated solids were characterized using X ray diffraction（XRD）analysis. The results show that they consist of CaCO₃·H₂O at pH 8.0，of CaCO₃·H₂O and MgCO₃·3H₂O between pH 8.3 and 9.0 in the seawater system. In the Mg-free seawater system，the precipitated solids consist of CaCO₃. In the Ca-free seawater system，the precipitated solids consist of MgCO₃·3H₂O.

In this study，a biological removal process using a combination recirculating system of hydrolyze–acidification was used to treat digested piggery wastewater. The transformation of volatile fatty acids（VFAs）and nitrogen under different cycle ratio conditions for this recirculating system were investigated. The results showed that formic acid，acetic acid and propionic acid give main contribution of VFAs in hydrolysis process. The concentration of formic acid was very low or undetected，and the proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid in organic acids were high. The species and concentrations of organic acids on 1/3 cycle ratio were higher than these under other two conditions. The relationship between COD and organic acids contents，COD and acetic acid，COD and propionic acid were linear. The good efficiency for nitrogen removal was obtained at 1/3 cycle ratio with the lowest NH₃-N and NO₃^--N concentrations in treated effluent of 3.57 mg/L and 48.60 mg/L，respectively.

A long-term continuous experiment of simulated wastewater was carried out using A²/O process and effect of influent loading and reflux ratio on the removal efficiency of nitrification was investigated at low MLSS of （1500±200） mg/L. The results show that the influent loading increases gradually from 5.03 gCOD/（gMLSS·d）to 10.05 gCOD/（gMLSS·d）and removal efficiency of COD is higher than 95% when influent loading is changed by adjusting influent flow rate. Removal efficiency of NH₄⁺-N increases from 69.59% to 95% and removal efficiency of TN increases from 53.53% to 80%，respectively. Furthermore，when influent loading is enhanced to 20.31 gCOD/(gMLSS·d)，removal efficiencies of NH₄⁺-N and TN decrease to 50% and 40%，respectively. The influent loading increases from 10.05 gCOD/(gMLSS·d) to 124.11 gCOD/(gMLSS·d) when influent loading is changed by adjusting influent COD. Removal efficiencies of COD and NH₄⁺-N are all higher than 90% and removal efficiency of TN increases gradually from 70% to 80%，respectively. When the reflux ratio of mixture is 300%，200% and 100%，respectively，removal efficiencies of COD and NH₄⁺-N are less affected by reflux ratio. Removal efficiencies of COD and NH₄⁺-N are higher than 90% and 95%，respectively. And meantime，removal efficiency of TN drops with the increasing reflux ratio，which is greatly influenced by reflux ratio. When the internal reflux ratio is 100%，removal efficiency of TN reaches the highest and it is higher than 80%.

In this paper，the 1st stage hydrogenation production of cracking C9 gasoline from Dushanzi Petrochemical Company is used as raw material and industrial equipment conditions was simulated. The results of stability and 1000 h activity of LY-C9-B and contrast-catalyst show that bromine value of LY-C9-B product is much lower and the bed temperaturing is 5 ℃ higher than that of contrast-catalyst even when inlet temperature of LY-C9-B is 10—15 ℃ lower than that of contrast-catalyst. The results indicated that desulphurization effect of LY-C9-B is better than that of contrast-catalyst. Thus，comprehensive properties of LY-C9-B are superior to contrast-catalyst. Meanwhile，the hydrogenation products of LY-C9-B can be used as solvent oil after cutting. The catalyst shows a predictable industrial application prospect.