Abstract: Due to the need for environmentally sustainable energy sources，lignocellulosic biomass is considered as raw material in the production of bioethanol used as liquid fuel. Bamboo，with cellulose and hemicellulose as its main components，is a kind of fast growth and cheap renewable resource for bioethanol production. At present，three critical steps are mainly focused on in the research on bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass，which are pretreatment，enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. And the efficiency and the energy cost of the pretreatment technology are crucial limitations to bioethanol production. Based on the review of key techniques for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass，especially pretreatment for bamboo，the chemical composition and the structure of bamboo，advantages and disadvantages of various physical，chemical and biological pretreatments，along with the latest pretreatment methods，were analyzed. The power requirement of mechanical comminuting pretreatment is relatively high depending on the final particle size and the biomass characteristics. Though steam explosion pretreatment has gained great interest，its main problem is the lack of industrial scale equipment. Chemical pretreatment easily leads to environment pollution. The main drawbacks of biological method are its long pretreating cycle and low hydrolysis rate obtained in most biological materials compared to other technologies. The use of ionic liquids as solvents for the pretreatment of lingocellulosic biomass has recently indicated efficient effect. Therefore，further research is needed to improve the economics of ionic liquids pretreatment before they can be applied at industrial scale. A very balanced and intelligent combination of pretreatment process has to be selected to maximize the efficiency of bioethanol production. And we believed that with the unceasing research work，the bioethanol production from bamboo will be competitive economically and environmental friendly in the future.

Key words: bamboo, lignocellulose, bioethanol, pretreatment

摘要： 竹子具有可再生性强、生长周期短且富含纤维素、半纤维素，是生产乙醇的重要潜在原料之一。目前有关木质纤维素乙醇的研究主要围绕原料预处理、酶解、发酵三大关键步骤进行，其中原料预处理的能耗和效率问题是该工艺的重要制约因素。本文在综述国内外木质纤维素乙醇原料预处理的基础上，着重分析了竹材的化学组成和结构以及各种竹材预处理的优缺点。包括机械粉碎法能耗大，蒸汽爆破法对设备的要求高，化学方法易造成环境污染，生物方法生产周期长、效率低，离子液体优点明显但需要更深入的研究。提出采用不同预处理工艺联合使用，以期达到优势互补的目的。

关键词: 竹材, 木质纤维原料, 乙醇, 预处理技术