Research progress on preparation of high quality bio-oil by pyrolysis of biomass

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0486

Abstract

Abstract:

Preparation of bio-oil by biomass pyrolysis is an effective way to enrich energy and realize the closed cycle of carbon, which has been widely concerned and studied as an environmental friendly technology. However, the process of biomass pyrolysis is very complex, and the resulting bio-oil shows low heat value, high oxygen content and strong acidity, which restricts the separation and purification, producing syngas and combustion. Therefore, the improvement of bio-oil quality is more urgent. In this paper, the main factors affecting the quality of bio-oil are reviewed from the aspects of three components, raw material pretreatment, reaction parameters, catalysts and reactors. In addition, this article analyzes characteristics of bio-oil and the relationship to the change of biomass properties under different pretreatment, the guiding effect of improving bio-oil quality in pyrolysis behavior involving catalysts, and the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used biomass pyrolysis reactors. Finally, it summarizes the main factors that affects the quality of bio-oil. Then, some suggestions for affecting the production of high quality bio-oil are put forward, which is expected to provide reference for the production of high quality bio-oil.

Key words: biomass, pyrolysis, bio-oil, pretreatment, catalyst, deactivation

摘要：

生物质热解制备生物油是能源富集的有效途径，是实现碳闭路循环的重要方式，作为一种环境友好型技术受到广泛关注和研究。然而，生物质热解反应过程复杂，生成的生物油热值低、含氧量高及强酸性等特点，制约了生物油的分离提纯、制备合成气以及燃烧等方面的应用，生物油品质的提升迫在眉睫。本文从生物质三组分、原料预处理、反应参数、催化剂、反应器等方面综述了影响生物油品质的主要因素，分析了生物油的特点，不同预处理下生物质特性的变化与生物油的关系，催化剂参与的热解行为对提升生物油品质的导向作用以及常用生物质热解反应器的特点，并对影响生物油品质的主要因素进行了总结。最后，针对影响制备高品质生物油的诸多因素提出建议，以期为制备高品质生物油提供参考和借鉴。

关键词: 生物质, 热解, 生物油, 预处理, 催化剂, 失活

CLC Number:

Li ZHANG, Zonglu YAO, Lixin ZHAO, Zhihe LI, Weiming YI, Peng FU, Chao YUAN. Research progress on preparation of high quality bio-oil by pyrolysis of biomass[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(1): 139-150.

仉利, 姚宗路, 赵立欣, 李志合, 易维明, 付鹏, 袁超. 生物质热解制备高品质生物油研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(1): 139-150.

Figures/Tables 6

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反应器类型	优点	缺点
流化床热解反应器	不含运动部件；结构较为简单；工作可靠性大；处理量大；传热系数高；使用寿命长等	需要的流化气流量较多；损失能量较大
螺旋反应器	原理简单；能耗低；较高热效率；实现连续运行	温度分布不均；螺杆和壁面温差较大；热解原料易附着，造成堵塞
旋转锥反应器	结构紧凑；不需要载气，避免了热解气的稀释，降低了成本；加热效率高，减少生物质热解气二次催化裂解	原料粒径要求较小；设备复杂；工作可靠性难以保证（支撑外伸轴的轴承长时间在高温和高粉尘的条件下运行）
烧蚀式反应器	结构简单紧凑；运行能耗低；加热速率快（提高生物油的产率）	结构和操作复杂（反应物与高温壁面紧密接触，对材料和轴承的性能要求高），不利于大规模生产
真空热解反应器	系统内压力低；产生的生物质热解气停留时间短	油产率不高（生物质升温速率缓慢）；能耗高（真空泵功率较大），不利于大规模推广

反应器类型	优点	缺点
流化床热解反应器	不含运动部件；结构较为简单；工作可靠性大；处理量大；传热系数高；使用寿命长等	需要的流化气流量较多；损失能量较大
螺旋反应器	原理简单；能耗低；较高热效率；实现连续运行	温度分布不均；螺杆和壁面温差较大；热解原料易附着，造成堵塞
旋转锥反应器	结构紧凑；不需要载气，避免了热解气的稀释，降低了成本；加热效率高，减少生物质热解气二次催化裂解	原料粒径要求较小；设备复杂；工作可靠性难以保证（支撑外伸轴的轴承长时间在高温和高粉尘的条件下运行）
烧蚀式反应器	结构简单紧凑；运行能耗低；加热速率快（提高生物油的产率）	结构和操作复杂（反应物与高温壁面紧密接触，对材料和轴承的性能要求高），不利于大规模生产
真空热解反应器	系统内压力低；产生的生物质热解气停留时间短	油产率不高（生物质升温速率缓慢）；能耗高（真空泵功率较大），不利于大规模推广

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