Abstract:

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, power battery ushered in the "decommissioning tide". In order to realize the recycling of spent power batteries in the context of dual-carbon, China has gradually released relevant policies to solve the technical and management problems. However, the current policy system is still in the exploratory stage, which makes the national and local policies different with each other in many aspects. In this research, the current status of national and local policies on the recycling process of spent power batteries in China was summarized with the policies analyzed in terms of year, region, and focus angle. At the same time, the impacts of the parameters on the policies, such as the current state of the market, technology, resources and energy structure, were explored under different degrees. The study revealed that the changes of policies in different years clarified their stages, and regions had significant gaps in the number and direction of policies. Besides, the study on market scale and related enterprises found that the recycling market of ternary lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery lacked governmental guidance. The progress and utilization of recycling technology could be used for policy update and optimization. The distribution, supply and energy structure of the resources played a warning role, forcing the country to improve the requirements for power battery recycling. Based on the above analysis, the "4C" policy principle was proposed. It provided a reference basis for the policy formulation and optimization of waste power battery recycling in the context of circular economy.

Key words: spent power battery, recovery, regeneration, policy analysis, distribution, influencing factor

摘要：

随着新能源汽车的迅速发展，动力电池迎来“退役潮”。双碳背景下，为实现废旧动力电池的回收利用，我国逐步出台相关政策来解决该过程中的技术与管理问题。然而，当前政策体系仍处于摸索阶段，缺乏经验，国家和地方政策在多方面存在差异，并受多种因素影响。本文总结了废旧动力电池回收利用过程中国家及地方政策现状，从年份、地区、侧重角度等方面进行分析，并探讨了市场、技术、资源和能源结构现状对政策不同程度的影响。研究发现政策在不同年份的变化明确了其发展阶段，不同地区的政策在数量和发展走向等方面存在较大差异；对市场规模和相关企业研究发现，三元锂电池和磷酸铁锂电池为主的回收市场缺乏政府指导，回收技术的进展和应用可作为政策更新优化的依据；电池中所含资源的分布、供应和能源结构起到警示作用，倒逼国家对动力电池回收的要求提升。基于以上分析，本文提出“4C”政策原则，为循环经济背景下的我国废旧动力电池回收利用过程政策制定和优化提供参考依据。

关键词: 废旧动力电池, 回收, 再生, 政策分析, 分布, 影响因素